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【砥砺奋进的五年·法治篇】修新法施良策 为“民告官”铺好路

2017-08-04 17:02:14   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者 吴倩):俗称“民告官”的行政诉讼是百姓通过法律途径化解与政府纠纷的有效方法。从1990年行政诉讼法施行到2015年再施新法,从设立专门行政审判庭到实行集中管辖、跨区划审理,陆续实施的立法、司法举措逐步破解了“民告官”时遇到的难题。如今,“民告官”之路越来越顺畅,不仅百姓增强了对司法的信任度,而且在司法监督下政府的依法行政水平也不断提升。

上世纪80年代,湖南岳阳一家药材公司不服当地卫生局对其行政处罚向法院提起诉讼,该案成为中国首例“民告官”案。此后不久,中国于1990年颁布实施行政诉讼法,“民告官”有了法制保障。全国政协委员刘红宇律师对此至今记忆犹新,“最早的行政诉讼法颁布时,我还属于热血的法律青年,几个人一起攒了行政诉讼应诉丛书。当时感觉行政诉讼法的实施可以说是中国依法行政的依据和开始。”

20多年过去了,“民告官”之路并不平坦,社会上对行政诉讼立案难、审理难、执行难等问题反映强烈。对此,中国立法机关2013年启动行政诉讼法施行以来的首次大修并于2015年5月起施行新法。曾参与修法工作的全国人大常委会法工委行政法室主任袁杰说,此次修改就是为了回应百姓呼声,“老百姓反映比较多的一方面有地方保护主义、行政干预的问题,也有法院自身的问题。客观上形成了老百姓觉得告状比较难,告状赢不了。老百姓有这些诉求,希望能够在行政诉讼方面有一个畅通的救济渠道。”

依据新行政诉讼法,法院实行立案登记制,对行政机关滥用行政权力排除或者限制竞争的,违法集资、摊派费用的,没有依法支付最低生活保障待遇或者社会保险待遇等行政行为均纳入受案范围。统计显示,新法施行以来,全国“民告官”案数量明显增加,2016年全国各级法院累计受理一审、二审和再审行政案件超过33万件,同比上升10个百分点。最高人民法院行政审判庭王振宇副庭长表示,当前行政诉讼的显著特点是涉民生类案件占比较高,“劳动和社会保障、征收、房屋登记、土地、林业、治安、户籍管理等领域涉民生的一审行政案件就超过了10万件,表明行政案件与人民群众的生产生活息息相关,凸显了行政审判在维护人民群众切身利益方面肩负的重要责任。”

根据最高法7月底发布的最新数据,今年上半年全国法院受理的行政案件数量仍持续大幅上升。最高法审判管理办公室主任李亮表示,“公民在自身权利受损时更多的希望通过法律途径维护自身权利,并且对其权利主张的范围也愈加广泛,这反映出推进依法行政方面的改革取得明显成效,公民积极主动监督行政机关依法行政的法治意识明显增强,这也对行政机关依法行政能力提出了更高要求。”

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