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让异常“放电”的大脑回归正常

2017-08-04 15:42:20   中国青年网

帕金森、特发性震颤、癫痫、舞蹈症、抽动症……这些看起来似乎不相关的疾病,实际上都是大脑里的“放电”状况出现了异常。他们都可以通过在大脑内植入脑起搏器,减轻症状。在近日举行的全国脑起搏器术中电生理定位技术应用学习班上,专家表示,安装脑起搏器定位准确非常重要,否则可能植入脑起搏器之后“作用”不明显,细究起来,相当一部分是脑起搏器植入的部位不够精确。

目前脑起搏器在临床使用超过30年,受益的患者达到14.5万。301医院神经外科凌至培教授介绍说,他带领的团队在国内率先开展多通道微电极电生理记录技术,这项技术能够帮助帕金森手术更精准的定位,而定位的准确性,一直是功能神经外科手术中的重中之重。“手术中的精准定位,就像打靶一样,要尽量保证打到十环,打到六环或八环也都有效,但十环肯定效果更好些,脱靶了就没有效果。”

目前我国多家医疗机构都开展了脑起搏器植入手术,应用范围也逐步扩大。凌至培说,脑起搏器已经用于多个领域。第一大类是以帕金森为代表的运动障碍性疾病,包括肌张力障碍、特发性震颤以及舞蹈病、抽动症等。第二大类是癫痫的外科治疗。20%至30%左右的癫痫患者及时进行了系统规范的内科治疗,但还是控制不好病情,这种情况称为药物难治性癫痫。这部分病人可以手术治疗。第三大类疾病就是颅神经疾病,如三叉神经痛、面肌痉挛,舌咽神经痛等,这类疾病不影响生命,但很影响生活质量,通过相对微创的方法治疗后大部分能够恢复正常。第四大类就是顽固性的疼痛。第五大类,是精神外科的治疗,现在脑起搏器技术治疗药物难治性强迫症、抑郁症越来越受到重视。

晓园

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