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一个月之前的今天,联通香港与内地债市的债券通“北向通”正式落地。如今正值“满月”,债券通交易日趋活跃。从上海清算所公布的数据中,不难感受到境外资金进入境内债市的热情,短融和超短融等信用债品种成为“新宠”。 上证报记者梳理上清所公布的债券通每日统计数据看到,截至7月28日,境外机构在二级市场成交结算总金额达49.33亿元,排名前二的品种分别是超短期融资券21.16亿元和同业存单20.74亿元。 超短融等信用债受外资青睐 就上清所托管债券品种来看,同业存单、中期票据等是此前境外机构主要投资的品种。截至6月底,境外机构持有同业存单和中期票据分别为233.63亿元和119.78亿元,分别占其总持有量的60%和30%。 不过,近一个月的交易量显示,短期融资券和超短期融资券等品种正跃升为境外资金的“7月最爱”。截至7月28日,通过债券通渠道在二级市场成交结算短融和超短融两个品种的总金额达26.78亿元,超过了同业存单的成交金额20.74亿元。而截至6月底,境外机构持有短融和超短融两个品种总量仅有10.33亿元。 相比之下,中期票据成交金额仅为1.61亿元,且只在7月的头几天有数笔成交。 “境外资金对短融、超短融出现感兴趣,主要是因为这两个品种的期限比较短,而短期内人民币走势明朗,汇率风险不会很大,再加上其收益率要高于利率债。因此,境外机构有动力去增持一些风险不高、收益率较好的产品。”穆迪副董事总经理钟汶权告诉上证报记者,目前境外投资人民币信用债考虑的主要风险有两个,即汇率风险和信用风险,需要权衡收益和风险进行配置。 不过,与境外机构债券投资总量相比,短融和超短融的持有量仍然很小,短期而言,境外资金难以大幅增持人民币信用债。“近期很多国内机构和公司发行美元债,相对于人民币信用债,外资会更倾向于购买美元债,这样能够规避汇率风险。”钟汶权说,境内的信用债吸引力相对不高,其收益率与美元债发行利率相差不多,购买后者还没有汇率风险。 整体来看,国债、国开债等利率债仍是境外投资人持有最多的人民币债券主流品种。今年以来,国债收益率逐步抬升,再加上近期人民币对美元汇率走强,国债配置价值凸显。同时,中美国债利差逐步走阔。截至8月2日,10年期国债收益率3.6311%,比同期限美国债收益率高出137个基点。 双重因素激发了境外机构投资国债的热情。中债登2日公布数据显示,截至7月底,境外机构持有国债4867.66亿元,环比上个月增长378.18亿元,7月增量占全年至今累计增量的60%。 迎来首单主权熊猫债 除了农发行、国开行等在债券通运行初发行的政策性金融债,更多债券品种通过这一新渠道试水。7月26日,债券通迎来首单主权熊猫债。匈牙利在中国银行间债券市场发行3年期人民币债券10亿元,此单债券成为首单通过债券通渠道面向境内外投资者完成簿记发行的外国主权政府人民币债券。其注册金额达30亿元,首期发行金额10亿元。 此前还有一单熊猫债通过债券通发行。7月21日,由国家开发银行主承销的马来西亚马来亚银行有限公司10亿元债券通人民币熊猫债券在银行间债券市场发行,期限3年,票面利率4.6%。这也是第一批债券通中唯一的熊猫债。 除此之外,企业债也在债券通市场受到外资热捧。7月3日,华能集团、三峡集团、中国联通、中铝公司和国家电投共5家企业通过债券通渠道,首次同步面向境内外投资者试点公告发行非金融企业债。截至7月6日完成簿记建档金额合计70亿元人民币,全场认购倍数均在两倍以上。境外投资者认购金额达12.7亿元,占总体比例达18.2%。 在业内人士看来,随着人民币国际化不断推进,以及更多国际主流债券指数逐步纳入人民币债券,未来境外资金对境内债券品种的配置也将越来越多元化,并迎来规模上的快速增长。
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