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员工为蹭空调“自愿”加班 盘点国家如何界定员工加班时间

2017-07-24 14:46:01   央广网

央广网北京7月24日消息(江苏台记者彭迪帆)据中国之声《全球华语广播网》报道,不少上班族都面临加班的工作常态,炎炎夏日更有不少员工为了蹭空调“自愿”加班、值班。这样的自愿加班能否领到加班费?单位应该给值班人员付加班费吗?

我国《劳动法》第36条规定,国家实行劳动者每日工作时间不超过8小时,平均每周工作时间不超过44小时的工时制度,除了单位安排的加班,不少员工还会自愿加班甚至还有集体加班的传统。

小李在一家私企工作,除了领导安排的加班外,还会多出一些自愿的工作时间,“我们公司有一个传统,每周会有一天,比如我们组每周四我们几个人都会留下来加班。我们也没有提加班的工资申请,如果有的话会更好。”

但按照《劳动法》的规定,计算加班工资的一个前提就是加班的事实是法律意义上的加班。南京劳动保障监察处处长金浩介绍:“用人单位不得以任何借口或者用一些方法来忽悠员工说放弃这一块权利,劳动者在这样一个审批制度上面来申请加班,也要遵守公司的规章制度,不然你没有证据能证明你加班。”

据了解,一些单位为了避免支付加班费,往往声称加班是值班。虽然两者都是为用人单位提供了额外劳动,但是性质不同。在原岗位上,具有生产经营任务的是加班,反之则是值班。因此,根据单位的安排进行值班的,劳动者不能主张加班费。金浩提醒各用人单位,“加班和值班两个是什么概念?它们性质、要求,这个值班费怎么给也要在公司规章制度上面要写清楚。还有一个非常重要的,每个月考勤员工都要签字,这也是法律规定的。”

放眼海外,其他国家如何界定员工的加班时间?什么样的情况才给加班费?企业对加班又是什么态度?

首先看澳大利亚。澳大利亚观察员胡方介绍,大部分澳大利亚人对自己的工作时间非常在意,通常到了下班的时间就会直接回家。如果需要加班,加班费又怎么算呢?

对于加班是否给工资要看你加班的性质,如果加班的确是为了完成工作所必须,大部分行业是会提供加班费的。不过新一代澳大利亚人当中一些观念也在慢慢的变化,如果是以承接项目为工作职责的员工,有时候为了完成项目,同时希望保住自己的工作也会主动加班,但是同时不向公司要求加班费,但毕竟这种做法不是主流。

今年澳大利亚一个很大的新闻是澳大利亚税务局多年规定的下班时间是下午的4点51分,每天的工作时间是7小时21分钟。但是在新的管理层提案下,税务局希望员工可以按照每天五点钟下班,也就是每天加班九分钟。而与此同时工资不发生变化,这件事情一下子就在税务局的员工当中炸开了锅,说好的4点51分,在没有加班工资、没有加薪的情况下,一分钟也不能耽搁,所以最终这九分钟加班时间只能不了了之。

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