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国际观察:英国“脱欧”谈判开始“动真格”

2017-07-17 23:46:21   新华社

新华社布鲁塞尔7月17日电 (国际观察)英国“脱欧”谈判开始“动真格”

新华社记者田栋栋

“休兵”近一个月后,第二轮英国“脱欧”谈判17日在比利时布鲁塞尔欧盟总部开启。

分析人士认为,随着“脱欧”谈判进入“攻坚期”,双方围绕核心议题的争论将逐渐升温,在多方面因素的掣肘下,谈判难度也将急剧增加。随着最后期限日益临近,留给双方讨价还价的时间已然不多。

“难啃的硬骨头来了”

根据欧盟公布的日程,本轮谈判将从17日开始,至20日结束。

谈判双方均是有备而来:第一轮谈判后,欧盟先后公布了14份立场文件,涵盖司法管辖权、核材料以及保护装置、在英欧盟机构的地位权利等议题;英国方面则公布了三大立场文件,涉及英欧关系以及英国与欧洲原子能共同体合作等事宜。

英国媒体用“首次全面对话”来形容第二轮谈判。在他们看来,第一轮谈判只是“开胃菜”,第二轮谈判才是“动真格”。用欧盟英国“脱欧”事务首席谈判官米歇尔·巴尼耶的话说,开启第二轮谈判意味着“难啃的硬骨头来了”。

巴尼耶曾警告英国,如果不能在“公民权利”“分手费”以及“欧盟-英国边界”三个核心议题上率先取得进展,那么英国政府迫切想要在“分手”前达成的“英欧新自由贸易关系”等议题一概免谈。

矛盾分歧越来越大

分析人士认为,双方分歧目前在“纵向”和“横向”两个维度不断发酵,原有矛盾不断深化,新矛盾层出不穷。

首先,双方在核心议题上的争执不断加剧。就公民权利而言,欧盟希望英国“脱欧”前,在英国生活的欧盟其余27国公民的权利能“一切照旧”。

但英国提出的方案却让欧盟“大跌眼镜”:在截止日期前,已经在英国生活满5年的欧盟国家公民将获得“定居身份”,可以继续留在英国,在医疗、教育和养老金等方面享受与英国公民一样的待遇。在截止日期前在英生活未满5年的欧盟国家公民,将被允许留在英国直到达到5年的期限。而在截止日期后和正式“脱欧”前抵达英国的欧盟国家公民,将获得大约两年的“宽限期”。在“宽限期”内,他们只能算是“移民”。

值得注意的是,英国政府目前尚未确定“截止日期”。

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