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轰炸南联盟投下3.1万枚贫铀弹 北约十八年后成被告

2017-07-14 11:05:30   

近日,一个受50位塞尔维亚癌症患者委托的国际律师团队通过联合国国际法庭,对北约19个成员国正式提出诉讼,指控北约1999年在轰炸南联盟期间使用“准核武器”(即贫铀弹),导致巴尔干地区近年来的癌症等相关疾病发病率快速上升。

负责组建国际律师团队的塞尔维亚科学与艺术学院院长斯尔詹·诺古表示,在未获得联合国安理会授权的情况下,北约于1999年3月24日悍然对主权国家南联盟发动大规模空袭,这根本不是西方世界一直宣传的“人道主义干预”,而是一场针对塞尔维亚人民的真正战争,在巴尔干地区造成了二战后欧洲大陆最具破坏性的后果。北约成千上万枚导弹、集束炸弹和贫铀弹的轰炸造成许多平民死伤,轰炸中所使用的10至15吨贫铀弹至今仍严重影响和威胁着塞尔维亚民众的身体健康。

国际律师团队的领队斯尔詹·亚力克西奇称,北约在塞使用了数量巨大的贫铀弹,骇人听闻,造成了严重的环境灾难。越来越多的事实证明,贫铀弹能导致癌症,造成新生儿畸形和白血病。根据塞尔维亚卫生部的数据,塞尔维亚平均每天有一名儿童罹患癌症,近年来塞新增癌症患者比例大增。贫铀弹辐射在人体内累积的毒性会在10至15年达到高峰,这应该就是2012年以来塞尔维亚民众癌症和白血病患者大幅增长的主要原因。

在对南联盟投放贫铀弹的问题上,北约一开始讳莫如深,三缄其口,在事实无法掩盖时,开始再三狡辩。2000年3月,联合国驻科索沃维和部队确认,北约轰炸南联盟期间共使用了3.1万枚贫铀弹,这一数量相当于20世纪90年代初美国等国在海湾战争期间对伊拉克所使用的贫铀弹总量。此后一些参与轰炸南联盟的北约成员国陆续曝出参战士兵罹患“巴尔干综合征”死亡的病例,一时间北约成为欧洲民众和媒体抨击的对象,认为北约为了军事和政治目的,对使用贫铀弹采取遮掩的办法,回避事实,令人厌恶。

英国生物学家科格希尔早在10多年前就提出,北约在南联盟投下的贫铀弹已经使巴尔干地区白血病和癌症患者明显增多,这一问题将在未来更加严重。科格希尔根据美国五角大楼公布的数字,推算出北约在科索沃和塞尔维亚投掷的贫铀弹造成的核污染相当于切尔诺贝利核电站泄漏事故的3%。巴尔干地区受到了不同程度的放射性污染,科索沃及北部塞尔维亚的一些地区放射性指标高出正常标准值30倍。

贫铀弹爆炸后造成的放射性污染与原子弹类似,容易引发癌症和一些肝脏、神经系统疾病,甚至还能引起孕妇流产和新生儿畸形。贫铀弹爆炸后产生的放射性微粒也将对水源和土壤造成污染,由于放射性物质的半衰期长达数十年甚至上百年,这种污染的持续时间将会非常漫长。

当被问及为什么已经过去了这么多年,还要决定起诉北约时,斯尔詹·亚力克西奇明确表示,北约使用准核武器贫铀弹进行轰炸,给塞尔维亚人民留下无法弥补的可怕伤害,并造成严重的环境灾难,对此行径的始作俑者提出诉讼,永远都不晚。斯尔詹·亚力克西奇称,由美国领导的军事同盟在巴尔干地区使用“被禁止的危险武器”是违反所有保护人类国际公约的行为,联合国当时没有对这一行为进行审判,后果是灾难性的。

该律师团队由塞尔维亚和海外专家共同组成,其中包括来自塞尔维亚、德国、法国、意大利、俄罗斯、英国和土耳其等国的20多名律师和教授。指控内容要求当时隶属于北约的19个国家都应为被炸死或病逝的公民支付经济和精神赔偿,同时协助一些罹患癌症的塞尔维亚公民进行治疗,以及提供必要的技术和设备来消除所有贫铀弹留下的隐患。斯尔詹·诺古表示,不希望这一指控引发更多的仇恨,只想争取塞尔维亚公民的尊严。

北约新闻办公室表示,已经得知了该国际律师团队的指控,但目前没有进一步评论意见。

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