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美俄达成叙利亚停火协议,初步“圈地”结束?

2017-07-10 14:59:57   国际在线

特朗普和普京会晤 美俄官员宣布达成叙西南部停火协议(资料图)

美俄两国元首7日在德国汉堡二十国集团峰会期间举行闭门会晤,就在叙利亚西南部地区停火达成一项协议。7日的会谈是美国总统唐纳德·特朗普上任后首次与俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京会晤。超过两小时的会谈结束后,俄罗斯外交部长谢尔盖·拉夫罗夫和美国国务卿雷克斯·蒂勒森分别宣布,美俄达成叙利亚西南部地区停火协议。拉夫罗夫说,来自俄罗斯、美国和约旦的专家先前在约旦首都安曼就在叙利亚德拉省、库奈特拉省和苏韦达省建立一个"冲突降级区"达成了谅解备忘录。格林尼治时间9日9时(北京时间9日17时)起,停火将在上述区域生效。

此次停火协议的达成预示了美俄在叙利亚的势力划分初步完成。

随着伊斯兰国逐渐走向末日,随之而来的是各方在叙利亚的“圈地运动”。为了能占到足够的份额,以便于对叙今后的局势发挥更大影响力,各方都是不遗余力,为此还不惜刀兵相向。如美国为了保证其支持的库尔德人武装能独自拿下拉卡,一连数次击落叙政府的无人机与有人战机,还抛出所谓“第二次化武袭击论”,以此威胁和牵制叙政府一方。而俄罗斯也不甘示弱,在言语回击的同时,7月5日通过图-95M战略轰炸机发射新型X-101巡航导弹对位于叙利亚哈马和霍姆斯省交界处的“伊斯兰国”(IS)目标实施了打击,用牛刀杀鸡给猴看。

闹腾了这么久,也该停下缓一缓了。其实从地图上看,此次停火协议所涉及的三个省都位于叙利亚西南角,所占地并不大。从政治上看,除美俄双方外,涉及的也只有约旦。所以该停火协议即使被各方严格遵守,对整个叙战局的影响也是有限的,但是从另一个角度看,该协议也可以看做是美俄在确认手中的既得利益,并默认对方利益范围的一种表示。

从目前的叙利亚局势来看,在IS败亡后,叙北部包括拉卡在内的大片区域会被库尔德武装所掌握。多少年库尔德人一直想在中东地区建立一个属于自己的国家,如今好不容易借着IS的“东风”在叙北部有了势力范围,可想而知是不会轻易放手的,其背后则是美国。而叙西部与中部的区域将由叙政府以及俄罗斯主导。至于西南部的形势还有待观察。相比反对派,叙俄一方会占优。如在7月4日至5日在哈萨克斯坦首都阿斯塔纳举行的第五轮叙利亚问题阿斯塔纳和谈中,出席和谈的俄罗斯代表团团长亚历山大·拉夫连季耶夫表示,一旦与土耳其和伊朗达成协议,俄罗斯可能会在两三周内派军队在叙利亚“冲突降级区”边界处巡逻。由于此次美俄达成了协议,相信俄罗斯与土耳其和伊朗的谈判也不会存在过多的障碍,如果俄军出现在“冲突降级区”周围,局势对何人有利就一目了然。

另外如美国务卿蒂勒森所说,双方还就叙利亚其他地区进行了"长时间讨论",话题涉及一旦极端组织"伊斯兰国"被击败,美俄两国"可以继续合作,使冲突和暴力降级"。此外两国将就叙利亚政治进程展开合作。所以此次的停火协议应该只是美俄在叙问题上迈出的一小步,毕竟像有关阿萨德去留这样的重量级话题还没有出现,至于在今后的日子里美俄能走多远,是否会出现倒退,还有待观察。(文/兰顺正)

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