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法总统马克龙推议会改革 拟“裁”大批议员

2017-07-05 08:02:18   新华网

法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙3日召集议会两院联席会议,宣布将在一年内完成议会改革,举措包括削减三分之一议席、部分引入比例代表制等。他还说,在必要情况下,将组织公投以推进改革方案生效。

【议会“裁员”】

会议在位于巴黎西南郊的凡尔赛宫举行。除法国共产党、“不屈法国”等党派议员在会场外示威抗议,法国577名国民议会议员和348名参议员中的大多数出席了会议。

马克龙在会上宣布了一系列施政主张。他说将兑现竞选时的承诺,对议会作出改革。法国议会两院共有925个议席。马克龙说,两院议席都将被削减,议席总数将减少三分之一。同时,议员选举制度中将部分引入比例代表制。不过他没有说明在多大程度、多大范围引入比例代表制。

马克龙说,民众要求“深刻变革”,他对立法机构的改革正是对民众呼声的回应。他认为,相比于立法,议会应把更多精力放在监管法律的落实上。他说,人员精简后,每名议员将拥有更多资源聘用助手,“议会人变少了,但能够动用的手段多了,行动的速度将变得更快”。

马克龙说,大刀阔斧的改革迫在眉睫,应在一年之内完成。他对议员们说:“改革方案将递交议会,但如有必要,我将举行公投,由选民来作出决定。”

【新反恐法】

马克龙还宣布,全国紧急状态将在今年秋天结束。取而代之的,将是一部严厉的新反恐法。

2015年11月13日,法国首都巴黎辖区内发生多起恐怖袭击,造成至少130人死亡、350多人受伤。法国政府自此宣布进入全国紧急状态。

内阁会议6月22日提交这部新反恐法草案。据法国媒体报道,新法案中监视并动用安全部队限制相关人员活动等举措受到争议。极右翼的“国民阵线”和一些左翼党派议员均对法案提出批评。

为打消议员疑虑,马克龙承诺反恐行动将在司法监督下实行,而所谓“相关人员”仅指恐怖嫌疑人,其他法国公民不会受到这种对待。

除了改革法国议会,作为欧洲一体化的拥护者,马克龙还谈及对欧盟现状的不满。他认为欧盟内的官僚政治风气加重了公众对欧盟的怀疑态度。

马克龙说:“欧盟过去十年很不好过,虽挺过危机,但迷失了方向……人们的怀疑不是没有道理。”他表示,今年年底前,法国和德国将牵头,在欧盟内部发起多场对欧盟出路的探讨。

【被批“揽权”】

这并非马克龙担任总统后首次在凡尔赛宫举行重要活动。5月29日,刚上任不久,他便把与应邀来访的俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京的会面安排在了这座建于17世纪的豪华宫殿内。

马克龙还在会上提出,今后每年都将召集议会联席会议,以便向全体议员作出执政承诺。此外,法国总理爱德华·菲利普定于4日在议会发表重要施政演说,一些人指责马克龙提前一天召开会议,抢走菲利普的“风头”。法国《解放报》《世界报》等媒体质疑马克龙有“揽权”嫌疑。

总统召集议会联席会议在法国政治史上可谓新事物。法国宪法原规定,为确保议会独立,禁止总统向议会发表讲话。前总统尼古拉·萨科齐2008年推动修宪,打破了这一持续了150多年的政治传统。根据修宪案,在“国家生活重要时刻”,总统可向议会两院联席会议发表讲话。

萨科齐和前总统弗朗索瓦·奥朗德分别于2009年和2015年在凡尔赛宫召集议会两院联席会议,主题分别是应对经济危机和打击恐怖主义。(郭倩)(新华社专特稿)

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