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对俄制裁再延续 欧俄关系难改善

2017-06-30 23:32:37   新华网

鉴于认定明斯克协议的执行情况仍不理想,欧盟28日决定再次延长对俄罗斯的经济制裁至2018年1月31日。

迄今为止,欧盟对俄经济制裁已满3年,其间一度有欧盟将取消对俄制裁的风声。但欧盟一再延续制裁的事实表明,欧俄矛盾非一日之寒,欧盟对俄制裁难在短期内取消,俄欧关系或长期处于低迷状态。

已“适应”制裁

2014年7月,欧盟以俄罗斯“在乌克兰东部制造不稳定”为由对俄实施经济制裁。随后于同年9月扩展了经济制裁内容,并多次延长制裁期限。作为回应,俄罗斯对欧盟采取了反制措施,主要包括限制进口欧盟农产品。

欧盟对俄经济制裁主要针对金融、能源、防务和军民两用产品领域。其内容包括:限制俄罗斯3家能源企业、3家防务企业、5家国有金融机构及其主要控股子公司进入欧盟初级和二级资本市场;禁止欧盟同俄罗斯进行武器进出口贸易;限制俄获取涉及石油勘探和生产等领域的技术或服务;禁止向俄出口可用作军事用途的军民两用产品等。

俄总统普京6月15日在一年一度的“直播连线”活动中说,西方制裁反而让俄罗斯更强大。制裁使俄罗斯有动力摆脱对油气出口的依赖,俄电子、航空工业和农业都得到了提振。他表示,俄经济已走出衰退,步入增长期。俄去年第四季度GDP增长率为0.3%,今年第一季度增至0.5%,4月升至1.4%,连续三个季度实现增长。

不过,西方持续制裁对俄罗斯经济的影响不容忽视。西方限制对俄贷款,给俄罗斯公司融资造成不小麻烦,相关技术设备的封锁使俄罗斯在勘探、开采新油气田上困难重重。

俄罗斯国家能源安全基金首席分析师尤什科夫认为,欧盟此次只是延续而非扩大制裁,未采取新的制裁措施,这对俄经济形势不会有任何影响,因为本质上并没有发生任何变化。不过,受制裁影响,俄经济增长仍然低迷,取消制裁当然最好,只是主动权并不在俄罗斯手里。

将采取反制

俄罗斯总理梅德韦杰夫29日表示,对欧盟延续非建设性的对俄政策感到遗憾。俄罗斯计划把针对欧盟的反制裁措施延长至2018年底,这是被迫之举,俄罗斯将借此保护自己的国家利益,包括一些经济产业。

近年来,为应对西方制裁,俄罗斯大力推行进口替代政策,以促进国内工、农业发展,其中农业发展成就尤为显著。俄农业界普遍希望继续延长针对西方的反制裁措施,以进一步扩大本国农产品市场。

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