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剖析日本军国主义的产生:好战特性从何而来?

2017-06-29 09:43:34   解放军报

明治维新后,日本走上了以军事立国、极力向外扩张的道路,成为亚洲乃至世界战争的策源地。而伴随日本每次对外侵略的是横征暴敛与嗜血屠杀。日本为什么如此好战嗜战?究其根源就是,明治维新以后的日本把军国主义作为一种意识形态和国家制度,将国家的政治、经济、文化、教育及整个国民生活从属于军事及对外侵略战争。这成为日本穷兵黩武、发动侵略战争的罪恶之源,并给中国、亚洲乃至世界人民带来极大伤害和深重灾难。

(一)

日本统治者推动对外侵略扩张的历史可谓“源远流长”。虽然日本是个小岛国,但是统治者野心甚大、胆子甚大,为达目的敢以小博大甚至不惜以国运相博。特别是丰臣秀吉的扩张思想和侵略野心之大,达到空前程度,其侵略扩张思想被后来的日本统治者继承下来。

丰臣之后,日本统治者及许多思想家,不断鼓吹其计划、宣扬其思想,致使日本对外侵略思想在300多年间延绵不绝且日益猖獗。特别是明治维新进一步激发了日本对外侵略扩张的野心。从18世纪八九十年代起,日本统治者逐步形成了以利为本、开疆扩土、崇尚功利、以力服人、强而不安、富而不足、耀威海外、谋求霸权的对外扩张和以邻为壑的畸形思想。明治政府推行“强兵富国”路线,使日本工业化的实现过程,与其对外侵略战争相伴随。1874年,日本借口琉球渔民被杀出兵侵犯中国台湾。1879年,日本悍然吞并琉球国并设冲绳县。1887年,日本正式制定《征讨清国策》将矛头直指中国。1894年的甲午战争,成为日本军国主义野心的一次赌博式尝试。日本急速向垄断资本主义过渡,更与侵略战争紧紧联在一起。日本军事封建帝国主义的本质,使近代日本的发展,进入从战争走向更大战争的恶性循环之中。  日本统治者很早就开始对朝鲜半岛等亚洲大陆垂涎三尺,一直有强烈的征服占领欲望。早在日本古代,就有所谓的神功皇后三次用兵征讨新罗大获全胜的传说。后来的日本统治者均大肆宣扬其开疆拓土之战功。公元391年,日本通过出兵侵略一度确立了对百济、新罗等朝鲜半岛南部国家的宗主权。从8世纪开始,武士逐渐发展成为日本社会重要的军事力量,在此基础上建立了以武力作为权力基础和维持统治手段的武家政治,这更强化了日本统治者的战争欲望。到了16世纪末,丰臣秀吉统一日本并抛出了所谓的“丰臣三策”,提出征讨朝鲜、进占中国、印度,称霸亚洲的狂妄计划。他先后三次出兵朝鲜,以惨败告终,但其思想及欲念被日本统治者继承下来。

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