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卡特尔断交事件中的美国——“放火救火皆一人”

2017-06-26 15:43:41   国际在线

最近卡塔尔断交事件可谓一波三折。

5月23日美国总统特朗普进行了他上台以来的首次出访,首访之地是沙特,而不是像以往美国总统那样选择周边国家,于是沙特不但用超高标准隆重迎接特朗普的到来,而且还签订了1100亿美元的军售大单。

6月5日,沙特阿拉伯首先宣布与卡塔尔断交,两天之内8个国家紧随其后,卡塔尔遭受“塌方式”断交,陆空通道被封锁,国内食品断供,同时美国总统特朗普在公开场合批评卡塔尔是支持恐怖主义的幕后金主。卡塔尔似乎一夜之间成了“阿拉伯世界的孤儿”。

在国际社会还在预想卡塔尔将如何度过这次危机时,6月14日两艘美国海军舰船抵达卡塔尔南部港口,并和该国舰队展开联合军演。6月15日,美国和卡塔尔国防部长会面后签署了协议,美国将向卡塔尔出售72架F-15QA战斗机,总价值120亿美元。这些举措又释放出一个清晰的信号,卡塔尔与美国的盟友关系依然强劲。

而在近日,路透社援引一名官员的消息称,指责卡塔尔支持恐怖主义并对之发起抵制的四大阿拉伯国家,通过正在调解争端的科威特转交给卡塔尔政府一份包含13条要求的清单,以期结束断交危机。这份由沙特、阿联酋、埃及和巴林列出的清单具体包括哪些诉求暂未披露,应该涉及要求关闭在卡塔尔的土耳其军事基地,并交出在其领土上的所有被点名的恐怖分子。此外,文件第六点写道,“关闭半岛电视台及其附属频道。”四个国家给卡塔尔10天时间达到这13条要求,目前卡塔尔尚未予以答复。

在这一连串的事件中,不难看出美国一直在其中扮演着“纵火者”与“消防员”的双重角色,而美国这种看似矛盾的做法笔者认为应该从几个方面予以考量。

但美国却又怂恿沙特等国给卡塔尔添堵,一方面可以里外通吃,两头挣钱,让这几个不和的海合会成员国都离不开自己的支持,从而有利于美国对海湾地区的局势施加影响力。

另一方面,美国还可以通过敲打卡特尔来向伊朗施压,使其在国际社会上陷于孤立。从特朗普上台以来,美国对伊朗的“脸色”就一直不好,美伊关系相比奥巴马时期退步很大。4月19日,美国国防部长马蒂斯赶赴沙特,同副王储和国防大臣穆罕穆德·本·撒勒曼会谈。会议结束后,马蒂斯对媒体表示:美国保证支持沙特阿拉伯为应对伊朗破坏该地区稳定活动而采取的措施。马蒂斯说:双方携手推动沙特安全,“加强沙特抵抗伊朗捣乱能力是非常重要的”。而此次各国与卡塔尔断交的一个重要原因就是卡塔尔与伊朗走得过近了,美国明显是在向外界传递一个信息:和伊朗做朋友就是与美国为敌。

笔者认为,此次断交风波会随着卡塔尔做出一定程度的妥协而被平息下去,美国在赚得盆满钵满的同时,也将成功的进一步压缩伊朗的战略空间。(文/兰顺正)

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