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男子午休后突然无法下地 医生从大腿里取出异物

2017-06-23 13:16:42   

急诊室门口,一位工人正坐在轮椅上喜笑颜开的和医生护士说笑,就在2小时前还愁眉苦脸的怨天忧人。

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这位患者是下午被工友背进急诊室的,说是大腿扎了个钢渣,当时右大腿内侧靠近膝关节的地方有一个约2mm的小洞,有少量渗血,查体局部摸不到异物,股静脉和大隐静脉没有损伤,于是让他去拍个局部的X线片。

此患者是在工地轧钢筋时受伤的,其实他知道机器已经有故障,但赶工期没办法只有将就着干活,所以机器迸出的钢渣直接打进腿里了。他上午受的伤,当时没当回事,继续走动工作,只是感觉腿稍微有点疼,中午休息时感觉疼痛加重,下午腿就下不了地了,腿也伸不直,这才让工友背着来到医院就诊。

拍了X线片后可以清楚的看到右大腿内侧肌层有一个约2厘米长的棒形异物,于是我们决定:对室内进行常规消毒后直接在透视床上就地展开手术“切开探查取异物”。因为:第一,患者的异物距体表至少有100px,比较深且距股动脉很近,稍有不慎异物就有可能划伤股动脉。股动脉一旦破裂其喷射压力相当于高压水枪,后果严重;第二,肌肉已将异物包绕推移,在搬动活动下肢异物的位置还会移动,不好掌控;第三,在透视机上做手术,可以随时拍片定位。经过2次定位和2小时的紧张手术成功取出异物,手术过程虽然有困难,但总算在没有造成严重后果的情况下取出异物。

大家一定疑惑为什么取出一个小异物的手术,竟用了2小时?首先异物在人体肌纤维内包绕形成肉球,使其不易明确触到;其次切开后虽然可以打止血带可是人体肌肉渗血量仍很多,手术视野几乎是血肉模糊的状态,很难直视发现异物,基本是靠定位针、触觉和视觉结合才能发现异物。看来当医生不仅要解剖熟悉,而且还要有很强的三维立体定位感知能力,此外还有手摸心会的精细手指触感(手感),最后就是根据患者情况因时、因地、因人治宜的应变能力,安排最佳治疗方案。

术后患者非常后悔,自知不该轻视异物损伤,伤后应立刻就医。我们事后分析告知其有两不该:一是不该在明知轧钢机有故障的情况下仍坚持使用;二是受伤后不该在随意走动,使异物切割损坏肌纤维、小血管和神经,带来不必要的副损伤,受伤后应马上到医院就诊。

(作者 郝高庭 临床医学硕士 山西中医学院附属医院急诊科主治医师)

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