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《世界毒品问题报告》指出 毒品市场多元化毒品种类大大增加

2017-06-23 08:28:16   国际在线

联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室22日发布2017《世界毒品问题报告》

国际在线报道(中国国际广播电台记者刘素云):联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室6月22日发布了2017《世界毒品问题报告》,主要对2015年世界非法药物市场的最新发展进行了全面概述。报告显示,目前在全球范围内,毒品市场出现多元化,毒品种类大大增加,吸毒危害仍然是触目惊心。

报告显示,2015年,全球大约有2.5亿人至少使用过一次毒品,占成年人口约5%。这些吸毒者中大约有2950万人患有毒品导致的疾患,包括毒品依赖。过去十年,吸毒导致的发病率、死亡率整体呈现增长。然而,每六名吸毒病患中,仅有不到一人获得治疗,这表明吸毒病患及相关病情的治疗服务依然有限,获得服务的途径也有限。

报告还指出,注射吸毒导致的健康风险是最高的。全世界有近1200万注射吸毒者,其中有八分之一的人携带艾滋病毒,还有一半以上的人患有丙型肝炎。另外,吸毒者尤其容易感染肺结核。根据目前的数据,肺结核在注射吸毒者中的流行率约为8%,在普通人群中则不到0.2%。

另一个值得关注的现象是女性吸毒者。一般情况下,染上吸毒疾患的男性人数至少是女性的两倍。然而,女性一旦开始染毒,其消费提高的速度往往比男性更快,因而会比男性更快染上吸毒疾患。

报告指出,海洛因等阿片类毒品仍然是最有害的毒品类型,其对健康造成的负面影响占各类毒品的70%,而且还有可能因不安全注射行为而染上传染病如艾滋病或丙型肝炎。

报告指出,近年来毒品市场出现多元化。毒品市场上供应的毒品种类大大增加,传统毒品禁而不绝,每年还有新型精神活性物质出现。另外,鸦片产量呈增长趋势,2016年全球鸦片产量较前一年增长了三分之一。虽然罂粟种植面积也有所增加,但鸦片产量的大部分增长主要还是由于阿富汗罂粟产量较上一年大大提高了。

此外,贩毒和有组织犯罪的业务模式不断演变。现在极少有犯罪集团仅专门从事贩毒,更多的是同时从事其他非法业务,包括货物造假、贩运人口、偷渡移民和贩运武器等活动。

另外,移动通信技术也为毒贩带来了新的机遇。他们无需与客户个人联系,取而代之的办法是,经销商通过加密网络发送消息,让客户知道在哪里收取毒品。暗网允许用户以比特币等加密货币购买毒品。

报告强调,国际社会在保持全面关注毒品基本问题的同时,还需要收集数据并研究新出现的问题,如新型精神活性物质市场、非法资金流动、暗网以及毒品、恐怖主义、腐败与其他形式有组织犯罪之间的联系。促进可持续发展仍然是帮助农民放弃非法毒品种植的最佳对策。另外,报告还建议各国把毒品和犯罪问题办公室与世界卫生组织制订的吸毒疾患治疗全球标准更好地纳入国家卫生保健系统中;必须加强法医学能力建设,应对合成毒品的快速演变。

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