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中国初步建成土壤环境监测网 将于2020年实现全覆盖

2017-06-22 08:23:36   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者 杨琼、周茜颖):中国国家土壤环境监测网络已初步建成,目前已布置2万多个点位,计划在2020年底前覆盖所有的县级行政区。与此同时,中国环保部正会同有关部门开展全国土壤污染状况详查,计划在2020年前公布。

去年5月,中国政府出台了土壤污染治理的首个纲领性文件《土壤污染防治行动计划》(简称“土十条”),明确提出建设土壤环境质量监测网络。在21日举行的环保部例行新闻发布会上,环保部土壤环境管理司司长邱启文介绍,2万个左右土壤环境监测国控点位布设已完成,覆盖全国99%的县、98%的土壤类型和88%的粮食主产区,初步建成国家土壤环境监测网。“每年土壤环境数据的获取和发布是取决于我们国家土壤环境质量监测网络的建设情况,目前我们国家的土壤环境监测网络正在建设当中,例行的监测尚处在起步的阶段和试点的阶段。我们现在已经布了两万多个点位。到2020年底前,我们要实现布设点位覆盖所有的县(市、区)。”

2014年,中国首次公布了全国土壤污染状况调查。结果表明,有16.1%的被调查点位,土壤污染超标。

目前,环保部正会同有关部门开展全国土壤污染状况的详查,以进一步摸清土壤污染的面积和分布,为土壤污染防治提供基础支撑。邱启文透露:“主要的任务就是2018年底前,要摸清农用地污染的状况、面积、分布及其对农产品质量的影响。按照‘土十条’的要求,到2020年完成全国土壤污染状况详查以后,我们将按照一定的程序,所有的结果会向社会公开。我想,这要根据调查的具体结果、根据世界各国的通行做法,尽可能信息公开让社会知道,采取有效的管控措施。”

这次调查改进了调查方法,提高了调查精度——农用地详查重点区域借助500米×500米网格布点,精度大大提高。不过,环保部官员也坦言,土壤污染的治理与修复,难度大、投入大、周期长。土壤环境管理司司长邱启文强调,要根据土壤的用途来合理确定土壤的治理与修复目标;按照“谁污染、谁治理”的原则,污染者要承担治理与修复的主体责任。“对于农用地来讲,可以通过农艺调控、替代种植,还有种植结构调整、退耕还林还草等措施,有效实现土壤的安全利用,防控风险,确保农产品安全。总的来说,风险管控就是要根据土壤的不同用途,分别采取不同的管控措施,核心是要管控住土壤污染的风险,实现土地的安全利用,而不是简单靠投入巨大的资金,搞过度的治理和修复。当然,必须要治理的,一定也得要治理到位。”

南京环境科学研究所土壤污染防治研究中心主任林玉锁表示,目前,中国对遭重金属污染的农田进行土壤修复的技术已达到国际先进水平。“针对农田的重金属的污染,发展了成功修复的技术,现在中国的研究水平包括在大规模的农田应用水平,应该说是国际上处于领先的。另外污染场地的修复这方面,最近十年应该说在中国发展得比较快,目前也是比较好地适用于污染场地土壤与地下水的修复技术,已经成功在国内很多大型的复杂的污染场地得到了应用,实现了工厂化的治理效果。”

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