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葡萄牙森林大火缘何伤亡惨重

2017-06-21 04:16:37   新华社

这是6月19日在葡萄牙中部大佩德罗冈地区拍摄的火灾后的树林。新华社记者张立云摄

新华社里斯本6月20日电 热点问答:葡萄牙森林大火缘何伤亡惨重

新华社记者章亚东 张柯

葡萄牙政府公布的最新数据显示,发生在该国中部的森林大火已造成64人死亡,另有160人受伤,其中7人伤势严重。这是葡萄牙40多年来发生的最严重火灾。

目前火情和救灾工作进展如何?这次火灾为何造成如此惨重的伤亡?带来了哪些安全警示?

火情和救灾情况如何

据葡萄牙政府最新消息,首先起火的大佩德罗冈地区的火情已基本得到控制。但火势蔓延到了周边地区,情况不容乐观。

记者19日在灾区看到,公路沿线有大片森林被烧毁,一些房屋在大火中化为废墟。森林里仍有一些地方冒出浓烟,但不像前一天能看到多处明火。

葡总统德索萨19日晚再次走访灾区后表示,最糟糕的阶段已经过去,希望火情尽快得到完全控制。

大火发生后共有3000多人次和20多架次飞机参加了灭火行动。

记者在一个设于足球场内的临时赈灾救助中心看到,场内通道两侧摆满成箱的矿泉水,餐桌上已放好餐具等待灾民前来就餐。

据赈灾救助中心负责人介绍,这里会将各方捐助的物资分类整理装箱,然后通过受灾地区消防局送到灾民手中。此外,赈灾救助中心还为灾民提供临时住处。

伤亡为何如此惨重

葡萄牙境内森林覆盖率高,每年夏季都会发生森林火灾。

此次大火开始于17日15时左右,因雷电击中大树而起,随后迅即向四方蔓延。

大火席卷了236国道的部分路段,许多车辆被困火海。消防人员在这条公路上发现了47具尸体,有些人死于车内,有些人在弃车逃生时遇难。

当地人告诉记者,火灾发生时烟雾太大,能见度低,车辆发生连环追尾事故,导致人员无法及时疏散。也有分析认为,森林与道路边缘距离过近,远远低于法律规定,也是造成重大死伤的一大因素。

除天气干燥、风力助长火势等客观原因外,此次大火还反映出当地政府和居民防火意识不足:森林所有者未及时清理野草,为大火发生和迅速蔓延留下隐患;火灾初起时,消防人员和设备短缺,政府也未能很好协调;一些居民房屋附近杂草丛生,导致房屋很容易被引燃。

另外,这里居民居住分散,交通不便、联络不畅,施救也很困难。

葡国内如何反思火灾

目前,葡萄牙有关方面已就此次严重火灾开始进行反思。

有专家认为,葡萄牙在森林火灾频繁发生的夏季只注重灭火而轻视预防。

葡当地媒体报道,国内火灾预防法规已有4年未作修订,按规定应当每两年修订一次。决策部门在预防火灾方面下功夫不够,预防工作只停留在字面上。此外,相关部门法律监督不力,法律实施力度不足。

有专家认为,近十年来,在葡萄牙发生火灾的次数远远高于其他地中海国家,主要原因是大量种植桉树这种易燃的树木。

此次大火警示人们,有关部门应切实落实有关法规,对违规者采取强制措施,做到有效预防火灾;应通过严格执行法规来提高居民的安全意识,促使他们确保私宅的防火安全。

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