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“放管服”改革总理为何讲要“刀刃向内”?

2017-06-19 22:56:38   第一财经

市场苦“审批发证”久矣。改革就要直面这样的痛点。6月13日这场以国务院名义召开的重要会议,“厉害”之处正在于此。

全国深化简政放权放管结合优化服务改革电视电话会议,关键词就是“放管服”。这已成本届政府施政最重要的“标识”。会上,李克强总理说了三句话——

一是要改革以审批发证为主要内容的传统管理体制。

二是要革除与审批发证相关联的寻租权力和不当利益。

三是要改变与审批发证相伴的“看家本领”。

三句话刀刀直指“审批发证”。而审批发证的主体,就是各级政府部门。诚如总理所言,这是一场“刀刃向内”的自我革命。

第一“革”,实质上革的是政府的“越位权力”。这种审批发证的权力,直接从高度集中的计划经济年代承续而来。原来政府搞计划下指标,现在大多数计划取消了,但很多审批事项并未相应取消,“越位”的管理体制和权力仍保留着。更关键的是,如李克强一再指出,一些政府部门的观念并未相应转变,仍停留在“重审批、轻监管、弱服务”的阶段。

“放管服”看似新词,其内在逻辑与30多年来的改革路径一脉相承,就是要将政府职能从适应“计划”那一套,逐步转变为适应“市场”这一套,使各种越位、缺位、错位切实“归位”:政府从以微观管理、直接管理为主转向宏观管理、监督管理为主。孔子有言,“政”须“正”,在其位而谋其事。

第二“革”,实质上革的是政府权力所衍生的“不当利益”。总理在会上说得很形象,“一些部门和单位的一支笔、一个章掌管着很多企业、项目的生杀大权”。如此大的审批权力,滋生寻租空间和腐败土壤,自不足为奇。围绕审批难免还会派生出各种中介服务,形成复杂的利益链条,由此就会产生不合理利益乃至非法利益。

以此观之,“放管服”改革乃是釜底抽薪之举。与其煞费苦心地想着怎么规范审批发证、防止权力寻租,不如直接“减”掉本就不该发的证、“放”掉本就不该有的权。当然,这必然就会直接触及相关部门手中的权力和利益,这是“割肉”。难矣。然而要解除市场之苦,唯有此举,也从而激发市场主体活力和社会创造力。

第三“革”,实质上革的是政府履行职能的“陈旧方式”。许多部门为人所熟悉的工作“画风”是这样的:官员甚至很多普通办事人员,端坐办公室里,等人上门忙审批。这也就是总理所说的与审批发证相伴的“看家本领”。一直以来所谓“拜庙门”等戏谑之语,实际上都是企业和群众无奈的抱怨。

“放管服”改革就是要变这种“画风”。总理为什么最近再三提及去年发改委等查处“地条钢”的这件事,就是因为这件事改变了宏观部门传统的工作“画风”。它也证明,宏观部门搞事中事后监管可以更有为。

改革之事,有破有立。“革”这三点,即是“破”三弊。唯如此,方能“立”起政府治理体系和能力现代化,真正做到审批更简、监管更强、服务更优。

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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