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NASA准备探访天王星和海王星 正开展预研工作

2017-06-19 02:21:47   

天王星(左)和海王星(右)合成图

科技日报北京6月18日电 (记者房琳琳)《新科学家》17日报道称,美国国家航空航天局(NASA)“冰巨星”预研组正在积极探讨,如何在未来10—20年内,开展太阳系外层行星系统(天王星和海王星)探测任务。

预研组主任艾米·西蒙说:“首选任务是发射对天王星或海王星进行大气探测的轨道飞行器,它们将提供最高的科学价值,并允许深入研究行星系统的各个方面,包括行星环、卫星、气氛和磁层等。”目前拟议的四个任务中,包括三个轨道飞行器和一个天王星飞掠探测器。在天王星和海王星轨道器任务中,必然携带的三个仪器是窄角相机、多普勒成像仪和磁力计,此外还可能包括等离子体检测器、红外和紫外成像仪,以及灰尘检测仪和微波雷达等。大气探测器除了测量大气和重元素含量,还能在飞掠天王星时,用窄角相机呈现其卫星细节。

探测“冰巨星”的科学研究重点,在于确定其组成、内部结构和重元素的丰富度。其他目标包括能源探测、天气和气候描述,并了解更多其环状物的组成成分和形成机制。海王星的任务将集中在其最大的卫星海卫一(Triton)上。在太阳系外层行星中,“冰巨星”与木星、土星等气态巨行星不同,了解它们有助于比较行星科学的发展。但是,要顺利完成任务,还要面临几个障碍。其中两个最关键——首先,探测器需要使用可控核能,但国际条约多年来阻止浓缩钚,造成钚-238为动力的原子电池材料供应不足;其次,天王星的任务若错过2034年之前发射的最佳窗口期,则需要等到2041年左右了。

总编辑圈点

上一次,太阳系边缘的“小暖男”冥王星跟人类打了个招呼,整个地球都沸腾了。是呀,冥王星上那个心形图案把男女老少都给萌化了。不过,天王星和海王星可不来这套,这对姊妹星是太阳系里出了名的“冰美人”,其大气层温度均低到零下200多摄氏度。它们与冥王星的共同之处,就是都遥远而神秘。如果哪天太空探测器飞掠它们的面庞,传回这对“冰美人”的大头照,你可不要太激动哦。

原标题:NASA准备探访天王星和海王星

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