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惨剧真的无法避免?英媒“拷问”伦敦公寓楼大火原因

2017-06-16 08:05:02   环球时报

【环球时报驻英国特约记者 纪双城】“惨剧真的无法避免?”伦敦公寓大楼格伦费尔塔14日凌晨发生大火,目前已造成至少17人死亡,约80人住院。英国媒体估计,最终死亡人数可能超过100,因为许多居民仍下落不明。15日,在继续搜救的同时,多家媒体也在质问,是什么原因导致这场大火,灾难是否无法避免?

《泰晤士报》引述目击者描述称,整栋大楼在15分钟内就陷入一片火海,一些父母把婴儿从窗户扔到街上,希望帮助他们逃生,而一些大人也情急之下从高层跳下。幸存者回忆说,他们沿着大厦唯一的逃生通道向下跑时,要踩着一些死难者的尸体。英国《每日快报》报道称,大楼最顶3层上,应该没有任何幸存者。

英国《卫报》发文指出,有关方面一直忽视大楼的安全警告,结果酿成惨剧。《金融时报》称,格伦费尔塔是地方政府所有的廉价住宅楼,住户多年来曾多次向地区政府以及物业管理公司反映大楼的安全隐患,但相关部门对住户的反映置若罔闻。当地一名居民的博客文章写道:“我们所有的警告都落到聋子耳朵里去了!我们预言过,这样的灾难是不可避免的,迟早会发生。” 《每日电讯报》报道称,前大楼租户管理委员会主席表示,数年前他因为担心大楼的安全问题而辞职,在火灾发生两天前,还和前同事谈及大楼的防火问题。

为何火势蔓延得这么快?这也是媒体所追问的问题。这栋大楼去年曾耗资1000万英镑(约合人民币8665万元)进行翻修,在火灾发生数周前,有关工程的承包商还坚称,大楼是安全的。 多家媒体指出,大楼外墙包层所使用材料可能是发生火灾的原因之一。英国广播公司(BBC)报道称,包层由3层材料组成,上下是铝层,中间包着塑料材料。世界多地装有这种包层的大楼都曾遭遇过火灾,如阿联酋、澳大利亚和法国等。不过,负责安装外墙包层的哈雷外墙公司(Harley Facades)称:“目前,我们没有发现包层和大火的发生有联系。”

《纽约时报》报道称,通常来说,高层建筑的设计理念是,如果发生火灾,要把火势控制在起火的那一层;在当代建筑中,报警系统和喷头是基础防火配备。报道指出,这栋大楼的管理公司在去年才修复了消防安全系统,并认为它是物业典范。而格伦费尔塔七楼居民保罗·穆纳克尔告诉BBC说,大楼内的警报没有响,导致人们一开始时不清楚是否有火灾。

发生大火时居民应如何反应?大楼管理公司在消防应对协议上说,在建筑物发生火灾时,居民应留在自己的住所(非火灾区域),保持门窗关闭。该公司表示,大楼的门可以“抗住长达30分钟的火灾,能给消防队足够的时间抵达”。对此,有专业工程师表示,在他数十年的职业生涯中,从来没有听说高层建筑的居民在火灾发生时需要留在住所。

原标题:惨剧真的无法避免?英媒“拷问”伦敦公寓楼大火原因

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