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臭氧在局地成首要空气污染物,环保部门如何应对?

2017-06-15 23:01:50   新华网

新华社广州6月15日电题:臭氧在局地成首要空气污染物,环保部门如何应对?

新华社“新华视点”记者

四川省环境监测总站日前发布报告,臭氧成为该省今年5月份空气首要污染物。根据环保部公布的《2016中国环境状况公报》,臭氧已经成为京津冀、长三角地区仅次于PM2.5的空气污染物,在珠三角地区更是取代PM2.5成为首要空气污染物。

臭氧污染污染形势日益严峻,其治理难点在哪里?相关部门采取了哪些措施应对?“新华视点”记者进行了调查。

臭氧超标形势严峻,连续3年成珠三角首要污染物

臭氧是一种蓝色、有刺激性的气体,由于臭氧具有强氧化性,如果空气中臭氧浓度过高,容易引起上呼吸道炎症病变,出现咳嗽、头疼等症状,甚至会对皮肤、眼睛、鼻黏膜产生刺激。

“臭氧超标并不是由污染源直接排放所致,而是排放到空气中的氮氧化物、VOCs即挥发性有机物,在空气中进行光化学反应产生的。臭氧超标往往发生在晴朗的天气。”天津市环保局大气处高级工程师王文美说。

《2016中国环境状况公报》显示,2016年全国338个地级及以上城市平均优良天数比例为78.8%,比2015年上升2.1个百分点,我国大气环境状况继续好转。从污染成分看,PM2.5污染下降,臭氧污染比例逐渐增大。

中国环境监测总站的监测数据分析显示,当前我国臭氧超标形势严峻,并且呈现出三大特征。

——区域性污染特征显著,三大城市群成“重灾区”。2016年,全国338城市中59个城市臭氧超标,超过四分之三的超标城市位于京津冀及周边、长三角、珠三角区域,辽宁半岛、河南大部和陕西中部超标城市也比较集中。珠三角地区的臭氧已经超越PM2.5,连续3年成为空气超标首要污染物。在京津冀和长三角地区,臭氧也成为仅次于PM2.5的污染物。

——浓度、超标率逐年上升。2013至2016年,74个城市二氧化硫、二氧化氮、PM10、PM2.5年均值和一氧化碳日均值第95百分位均为逐年下降,唯独臭氧8小时第90百分位浓度逐年上升。2013至2016年,74个城市平均每城市每年的臭氧超标天数增加了3天。珠三角以臭氧为首要污染物的天数占空气超标天数比例从2013年的31.9%上升到2016年的70.3%,翻了一倍多,京津冀和长三角地区也大约比2013年翻了3倍。

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