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跳槽违反竞业限制 员工被判赔付原公司20万

2017-06-15 08:02:55   东方网

据《劳动报》报道,软件公司销售经理吕先生跳槽到同类公司后,原公司认为他违反了《竞业限制协议》,应承担违约责任。浦东新区法院近日判决,吕先生向原公司返还补偿款并支付违约金合计20余万。

辞职被要求履行竞业限制义务

力克系统(上海)有限公司与赛趋科软件(上海)有限公司均为自贸区内企业,力克系统公司专门从事软件开发与销售业务,赛趋科软件公司则从事软件的销售业务。

2011年7月,吕先生受雇于力克系统公司,并通过努力慢慢坐上了销售经理的位子。在正式入职前,人事经理拿着一份《竞业限制协议》给他签署,约定他因有机会接触公司机密,将来如果离开公司,在规定期限内不得从事或经营同类业务,也不得到与公司有竞争关系的同类企业工作。

并在附件中具体列出了一些不得受雇的单位,但没有把赛趋科软件公司列入其中。

2014年7月10日,吕先生提出辞职。20天后,与力克系统公司有竞争关系的赛趋科软件公司聘用吕先生为中国区销售总监。

吕先生在8月8日离职当天收到了力克系统公司人事经理发来的电子邮件和快递,明确要求他在6个月内履行竞业禁止义务,不得入职赛趋科软件公司。力克系统公司随后根据协议规定,按月向吕先生支付了3个月补偿款,总计5万余元。吕先生认为力克系统公司单方提出的要求不合理,便在8月11日写信拒绝了该要求。

员工赔偿原公司20余万

力克系统公司将吕先生、赛趋科软件公司起诉至法院,认为吕先生违反了《竞业限制协议》,要求返还已支付的竞业限制补偿款并支付3倍于补偿款的金额作为违约金。同时,要求赛趋科软件公司承担连带责任。

吕先生认为,力克系统公司要求员工签署《竞业限制协议》是为了免除自身法定责任,排除劳动者权利,故约定无效。吕某入职时力克系统公司并未在协议附件中将赛趋科软件公司列入其中,离职时却加入赛趋科软件公司,对协议进行单方修改,属擅自扩大竞业限制范围。他认为自己没有违反协议,不应支付违约金。

赛趋科软件公司称自己并非协议签署方,力克系统公司要求承担连带责任缺乏合同和法律依据。

浦东法院一审审理后认为,《竞业限制协议》经双方签字确认,是用人单位和劳动者双方真实意思表示,对双方均有约束力,应属合法有效。吕先生由力克系统公司跳槽至与其有商业竞争关系的赛趋科软件公司工作,这种行为违反了《竞业限制协议》,故判决吕先生按照约定返还已收到的竞业限制补偿款,并向力克系统公司支付违约金,总计约20.4万元。同时,驳回力克系统公司其余诉讼请求。

力克系统公司与吕先生不服一审判决提起上诉,二审法院维持原审判决。

竞争关系要从实质上审查

本案主审法官李尚伟告诉记者,随着高收入员工及管理人员增多,越来越多企业会与高管或掌握核心机密的工作人员签订专门的竞业限制协议,以避免不正当竞争。同时,劳动者维权意识也越来越高。

本案即是一起员工违反竞业限制协议,用人单位要求员工返还竞业限制补偿款、支付违约金,并由案外公司承担连带责任的竞业限制纠纷。之所以认定吕先生违反了竞业限制义务,李尚伟说,一是竞业限制协议中有关用人单位可免除或要求劳动者履行竞业限制义务的条款,并非免除自身义务、排除对方权利的约定,应属合法有效;二是竞争关系存在与否不以列举为唯一标准,而应从实质上进行审查;三是根据合同相对性原则,竞业限制协议的效力不及于第三方,用人单位可以从侵犯商业秘密或不正当竞争的角度另行维权,而不能直接要求第三方就违约金承担连带责任。

责任编辑:都基强 CN065
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