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《自然》称中国湖泊治污良好 8年磷污染降逾三分之一
科技日报北京6月13日电 (记者张梦然)英国《自然·地球科学》杂志12日在线发表的一篇报告显示,在2006年到2014年间,中国湖泊的磷污染下降了逾三分之一。该研究发现,中国政府于2000年推出的治理水污染政策,帮助降低了城市地区与磷污染有关的水华风险。
此次,天津大学、中国人民大学、北京大学等科研机构与挪威水研究所的科学家团队分析了2006—2014年间,中国862个湖泊的水化学数据以及磷来源和磷流入的省级数据。结果发现,磷浓度中值大致降到了可导致富营养化的浓度阈值,重度污染的湖泊数量减少了三分之二,其中主要的驱动因素是公共卫生改善和污水减少。不过,一些欠发达地区湖泊的磷浓度有所上升,原因尚不确定,但有可能是受到了森林退化和侵蚀的影响。研究人员认为,水质控制政策在空间上的灵活性,将有利于未来中国湖泊的“健康”。水华是淡水水体中藻类大量繁殖的一种自然生态现象,是水体富营养化(可用养分增加导致藻类过度生长)的显著特征。富营养化可能会在湖泊中自然发生,但其主要原因仍是生活及工农业生产中含有大量氮、磷的污水进入水体后,造成蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻等大量繁殖,其中蓝藻水华的发生范围最广,且危害最大,对人类健康威胁不容忽视。目前,人为向水体排放营养物已经使全球范围内的富营养化现象明显加重,导致水质下降、鱼类灭绝和生物多样性减少。
在相应的新闻与评论文章中,美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校科学家杰西卡·科曼表示,此次《自然》杂志发表的分析表明,中国在保护湖泊方面取得了良好效果。
(原标题:《自然》称中国湖泊治污效果良好)
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