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卡塔尔因断交风波遇经济难题:航空海运均受影响

2017-06-08 06:21:01   经济参考报

针对沙特阿拉伯等国突然宣布与卡塔尔断绝外交关系,国际社会目前正在进行斡旋和调解,呼吁各方消除分歧,以对话和沟通化解危机。然而,断交危机开始冲击卡塔尔航空、海运以及产品进出口等经济领域,负面效应尽显。

沙特、阿联酋、巴林等国5日宣布与卡塔尔断交,指责卡塔尔支持恐怖主义活动并破坏地区安全局势。随后又有多个国家宣布与卡塔尔断交。

土耳其总统府6日发表声明说,总统埃尔多安正在进行外交斡旋,与有关国家领导人进行电话沟通,敦促他们保持克制,通过谈判、对话和沟通的方式解决争端。

美国国务卿蒂勒森5日也呼吁海湾国家保持一致,消除分歧,“我们鼓励各方坐下来化解危机”。白宫发表声明说,美国总统特朗普愿与有关各方进行沟通,以缓解海湾国家紧张关系。

对此,卡塔尔外交大臣穆罕默德5日晚在半岛电视台发表讲话说,为缓解地区外交危机,卡塔尔准备接受调停。

卡塔尔盛产天然气和石油,液化天然气(LNG)出口量世界第一,人均收入水平位列前茅。但是,除天然气和石油外,其他物品几乎全部依靠进口,大部分货物经由海合会国家进口至卡塔尔。沙特、阿联酋、巴林是卡塔尔进口量最大的国家,从这三个国家进口到卡塔尔的货物占到由海湾国家进口总量的90%以上,5日发生的断交危机已经开始影响卡塔尔民众的正常生活。

据法新社报道,尽管卡塔尔政府一再向民众保证无需恐慌,但民众还是纷纷涌入超市抢购生活用品和食品。在首都多哈市中心的一家超市内,等待付款的顾客已排起多条长队,每队有将近30个人。货架上的牛奶、大米和鸡肉被抢购一空。

阿联酋禁止卡塔尔船只使用该地区的主要加油港口,迫使该国船只驶向更远的地方加油或者支付更高的价格,这可能导致卡塔尔能源与大宗商品出口成本上涨。

据汤森路透Eikon的航运数据,大约六艘从卡塔尔出发的装载原油、化学品和液化天然气(LNG)的油轮已经离开阿联酋水域或者停在公海,没有按计划停靠在阿联酋和沙特的码头。

然而,从卡塔尔出发的船只在启程之前通常在阿联酋的富查伊拉港补给燃料,该港是海湾地区最大的船用油港口。这使得船东及船只租赁方不得不为他们的船修改物流计划。路透社援引新加坡一位船只经纪商话称,“今天(6日)早上一片混乱。”

据路透Eikon数据,最多装载200万桶石油的布里特超大型油轮,过去一周停泊在富查伊拉港锚固区,但自5日开始已经移到富查伊拉港范围外的水域。

富查伊拉港是全球能源市场最重要的港口之一,由于靠近霍尔木兹海峡,是该地区船只驶往亚洲、美国或欧洲客户必经的咽喉要道。

航运商及贸易商表示,要在富查伊拉港补给燃料的货船被迫分流至附近的地区性港口,或是巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡、印度甚至远到新加坡,可能会因此延迟时日而且增加成本。

普氏能源咨询在一份报告中指出,科威特、沙特、卡塔尔和阿曼等中东国家原油出口都需要在该港口补充燃料。因此,限制卡塔尔油轮停靠,再加上相关的不确定性,可能会影响卡塔尔原油的内在价值。

除了影响能源出口之外,阿联酋对卡塔尔船只禁航也冲击了铝出口。

同时,该区域航空业也受到影响。卡塔尔航空是全球主要航空公司之一,当地国际机场的航班连接中东各国以及其他国际大城市。阿联酋航空、埃及航空等相继暂停往返卡塔尔首都多哈的航班,沙特等国甚至禁止卡塔尔航空班机越过领空,这使得多哈的哈马德国际机场陷入混乱,不少乘客滞留,有乘客被迫购买新机票,也有人表示不清楚如何申请退款。

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