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【理上网来•热点解析】上合组织迎来首次扩员 阿斯塔纳峰会必将载入史册
作者:中国现代国际关系研究院中亚室 王明昌
6月8日,上海合作组织成员国元首理事会第十七次会议将在哈萨克斯坦的阿斯坦纳市举行。此次峰会具有重要的历史性意义,上合将迎来成立后的首次扩员,印度、巴基斯坦将成为上合大家庭的新成员,标志着上合组织发展进入新时期。
一、扩员是上合组织不断发展的必然。
上海合作组织是苏联解体后,中国与原苏联国家(俄、哈、吉、塔)处理遗留边界问题时衍生的地区多边合作组织。其前身为1996年起举行的“上海五国”会晤机制。2001年6月15日,乌兹别克斯坦加入后,上合组织正式宣布成立。时至今日,上合组织已不断发展壮大,由边界谈判组织成长为包含六个成员国、六个观察员国(含印、巴)、六个对话伙伴国的重要国际组织。上合组织在安全、经济、人文等多领域、多层次的合作硕果累累,互信、互利、平等、协商,尊重多样文明,谋求共同发展的“上海精神”不断深入人心。
上合组织扩员议题由来已久。上合成立后不久,观察员国的“转正申请”便已递交,但正式的扩员之路并不简单。如何扩员?谁先加入?扩员是否有负面影响?诸多问题需要成员国协商解决。直到2010年,上合组织元首理事会第十次峰会上,各成员国批准《上海合作组织接收新成员条例》和《上海合作组织程序规则》,才为上合扩员做好铺垫。2014年上合组织杜尚别峰会上,各成员国签署了准成员国义务备忘录,为新成员加入的法律程序指明了方向。翌年,上合组织乌法峰会上通过了“关于启动接收印度、巴基斯坦加入上合组织程序的决议”,标志着上合扩员的大门正式打开,印、巴将成为首批扩员对象。回顾历史,上合的扩员即是上合组织强大吸引力的证明,也是上合持续不断发展的必然。
二、印、巴加入上合带来的积极意义。
首先,提升上合组织的国际影响力。印、巴加入后,上合组织成员国的总人口将达31 亿,占世界总人口的44%;GDP 总量将超过15 万亿美元,占比超过20%。上合组织将成为世界上人口最多、面积最大的地区合作组织。更为重要的是,在全球化、区域合作遭遇困难的背景下,上合组织扩员对国际开放合作具有重要的示范和带动作用。此外,印、巴加入后,上合组织将拥有四个核国家,对于推动核不扩散,维护世界和平与发展具有重要意义。
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