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高考作文40年变迁史:主题不断变化 不变的是时代印记

2017-06-07 14:42:47   大河网

如果说高考是许多学子要经历的一场“成人礼”,那么,高考语文作文,称得上是这场“成人礼”的压轴大戏。

从1977年恢复高考到现在,已经过去整整40年。40年时间里,高考作文一直备受关注,除了占分比重大外,作文题目也能够引发很多人的共鸣,折射出时代印记。

今年,咱们就来说说高考作文由命题作文到话题作文,再到材料作文的那些事儿。

【变迁】

上世纪70年代末有着时代色彩

1977年高考得以恢复,同年12月,570多万考生参加考试。

那一年的高考也创造了多个第一:第一个在冬天举行的高考,竞争最激烈的十年一届的高考,也是第一次高考分省命题……

上世纪70年代末的高考作文题目,有一股浓浓的时代气息:1977年,北京卷的作文题目是“我在这战斗的一年里”,河南卷的是“我的心飞向毛主席纪念堂”……

1978年的高考作文题目“速度问题是一个政治问题”,折射了当时人们迫切希望国家走上正轨的焦虑心态,依旧延续了宏大的内容。

上世纪八九十年代

开始更加关注现实社会

从1981年的“毁树容易种树难”到1985年的“致《光明日报》编辑部的信”(关于环境污染问题),再到90年代的“近墨者黑/近墨者未必黑”的辩论题材作文,不难发现,从上世纪八九十年代开始,高考作文更加“接地气”。

有学者就认为,几十年来,高考作文题目的变化背后则是时代的变迁,是理性文化到感性文化的过渡,是对普通百姓日常生活、情感的关注。

在高三语文一线“深耕”20年的省实验中学语文高级教师崔矿山说,让他印象最深的高考作文题目就出现在1999年,即“假如记忆可以移植”。

“这年的作文题目创新大胆,让人眼前一亮!”崔矿山说,这是一个话题作文,不仅能解放思维,又能为考生提供展示才情的舞台。

其实,也正是从那年起,高考作文主题变得更为多彩……

2000年以后

作文主题更加丰富多彩

漫画、材料作文、命题作文……2000年后,高考作文呈现出了更多的变化。

2001年“谈诚信”,2005年以“出人意料和情理之中”为题写作,2010年的漫画作文以“猫吃鱼的故事”为话题写作……不但结合了大家的日常生活体验,也更能让考生充分发挥主观能动性。

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