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搜救犬在训练中
□记者田育臣文吴国强摄影
核心提示|夏季进入汛期,泥石流、坍塌等事故易发。在救援一线,除了救援人员的身影,一些特殊的战士同样功不可没,它们就是搜救犬。一只合格的搜救犬是如何被训练成功的?驯导员要付出怎样的努力?6月3日,大河报记者走进郑州市一家搜救犬训练基地,为您讲述搜救犬炼成记背后,它们与驯导员之间关于“爱”的故事。
现场
6个月大的狗狗靠鼓励做训练
6月3日,郑州北郊的黄河南岸一个训练场上,6个月大的“二蛋”在驯导员朱飞跃的引导下,一步一个阶梯、艰难地攀登木梯。二蛋每往前一步,朱飞跃口中就鼓励说,“好样的!加油!”
二蛋是一只寻血猎犬和拉布拉多犬的“混血”公犬。当它28天大的时候,与其他6只幼犬一起,来到这里,开始接受搜救犬前期训练。当二蛋终于爬上约2米高的木梯时,朱飞跃从口袋里取出两粒狗粮放于手心,二蛋欢快地伸出长舌一卷,整个进入口中,随后迅速跑下木梯,等待着完成下一个项目。
朱飞跃说,这是二蛋第5次进入训练场进行基础训练,而这样的训练,至少要坚持2年时间。第二个项目是障碍跨越。在七八个30厘米高的障碍栏面前,二蛋犹豫了一下,“二蛋,你能行。大胆跨过它!”朱飞跃向二蛋大声喊着,它也抬头望了主人一眼,然后小心翼翼地迈开步子,一个、两个……一口气跨过7个障碍,但跨越最后一个时,身体将障碍栏碰倒掉在地上。二蛋扭过头,望着掉落的栏杆,眼神有些低落。朱飞跃蹲下来,摸着二蛋说,“这不怪你,乖!你是最棒的!”他掏出几粒狗粮,二蛋又重新精神焕发,吃得一干二净。
朱飞跃说,对搜救犬而言,相互尊重与信任十分重要。平时训练,他都会俯下身与它们对话、交流,避免给狗狗压迫感;另外,也要经常给狗狗鼓励。“犬类是十分聪明的动物,但也头脑简单。它们记吃不记打,所以最好的鼓励和训练,是给它们喜欢吃的东西,而非发怒、殴打。”
驯导员坐在“废墟”中,模拟训练狗狗的搜救能力。
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