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兰州大学的名校焦虑:教师流失多指标落后同类大学

2017-06-02 08:23:54   

兰州大学榆中校区位于兰州市区45公里外的国家级贫困县榆中县夏官营镇

1981年,山东考生薛德胜的哥哥替他做主,填报了高考志愿:“听说兰州大学很不错,你就报那儿吧。”薛德胜回忆说,“那时候,在大家眼里,除了北大、清华被看作最顶尖的大学之外,国内其他重点大学都差不多,并没有三六九等之分,所以填志愿只是挑大学,而不是挑地区。”从东部大省山东来到遥远的甘肃兰州,薛德胜不觉得有什么吃亏。

如今,身为兰州大学物理学院院长兼科研处处长,薛德胜的一项重要工作,就是想方设法留住人才。他坦承,在兰大度过的36年漫长岁月中,自己也曾有过离开的想法。在很长一段时间里,兰大教授离职是一个非常普遍和持续存在的现象。

兰州大学这所百年名校,多年来一直在经历一场以人才流失为主要标志的衰落。

光辉岁月

薛德胜读书时赶上了好时候,那是兰大重整旗鼓、焕发活力的黄金年代。

有数据为证:1980年,李政道到中国为美国哥伦比亚、哈佛等名牌大学物理系招收研究生,在为此所设的全国联考中,兰大物理系学生取得第一名;1981~1989年,兰大化学系学生在全国重点大学化学专业学生赴美研究生计划考试中,连续5届名列第一。

还有人做过统计,在各高校1977年后的本科生里,兰大毕业生当选院士的数量居全国第7名,如果排除因合并了众多院校而稍稍领先的吉林大学与浙江大学,兰大实际上能排到第5。由于现在最年轻的一批院士都是在1980年代上大学的,因此这一数据说明了兰大那一时期本科教育的实力。

兰州大学成立于1945年。民国时期的兰大,无论在规模还是名望上,都无法和中东部地区的大学比肩。它真正开始在中国高教版图上占有一席之地,是在1949年以后。

1954年,兰州大学成为14所教育部直属综合性大学之一;1960年,成为当时为数不多的“全国重点综合性大学”,在西北地区是唯一的一所。

兰大是当时国家战略的直接受益者。毕业于该校中文系的专栏作家十年砍柴曾做过10年的教育记者,他在回忆母校的一篇文章中写道,“兰大得益于强大到远迈历朝的行政力量,短时间内,集权的政府效率高于民主的政府,不需要谈判和博弈,用政府那只大手,就能让人、财、物流向贫瘠的西北。新政权全面学习苏联,处于版图腹心的兰州成为重要的重工业基地,高等教育的资源也因此向兰州大学倾斜。”

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