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令人信服的新疆人权事业发展

2017-06-01 21:11:07   光明网

作者: 东北财经大学人权研究与教育中心执行主任 鲜开林

在中华人民共和国版图的西北部,有一片占陆地国土面积约六分之一的广阔疆域,这就是新疆维吾尔自治区。新疆既是古“丝绸之路”的必经之地,历史上曾是欧亚大陆交通和文明交往的通道,特定的多民族聚集和地理区位优势,使新疆历史发展呈现出鲜明的多民族并存与融合、多种文化兼容与并蓄的各民族文化交流互鉴的包容特色。我们党和政府历来高度重视维护和保障新疆各民族人民的合法权益。新中国成立,特别改革开放以来,尤其是党的十八以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央,始终情系新疆、心系新疆各族人民,举全国之力发展新疆,切实保障新疆各民族人民平等参与、平等发展权利,使新疆的人权事业不断得到新的发展与进步。

国务院新闻办办公室于6月1日发表了《新疆人权事业的发展进步》白皮书。全书从八个方面用客观事实精准数据陈述了令人信服的新疆人权事业发展进步。事实胜于雄辩,数字彰显公正。

第一,政治权利得到平等享受。新疆自古以来就是多民族聚居的地方,目前有56个民族。不论人口多少、发展程度高低、宗教信仰差异,新疆各族人民都具有同等地位,依法享有相同权利,履行相同义务,公民的政治权利得到了充分保障。一是享受平等的选举权和被选举权。在新疆,年满18周岁公民依法享有选举权和被选举权。二是享受少数民族平等参政权。2016年,全区少数民族公务员已达91076人,占干部总数的40.24%。其中,少数民族妇女干部占全区妇女干部总数的66%以上,少数民族参政权得到保证。

第二,公民权利得到切实保障。新疆坚持尊重和保护公民生命财产安全,切实维护公正审判权,促进公民自由表达,公民权利依法得到了充分尊重和有效保障。一是生命财产权受到尊重和保护。自20世纪90年代以来,暴力恐怖势力、民族分裂势力、宗教极端势力策划实施了一系列暴力恐怖犯罪活动,严重危害了各族人民的生命财产安全。二是公正审判权得到切实维护。2014年至2016年,新疆各级人民法院在中国裁判文书网共发布生效裁判文书21万余份。2016年,新疆共有律师4569人。三是表达自由的权利得到有效保障。截至2016年年底,新疆网民人数由2002年的44.8万人增加到1296万人,增速位居全国第三;普及率达到54.9%,位居西部第一。

第三,经济权利得到提升与改善。新疆大力发展经济,努力把发展落实到改善民生、惠及当地和增进团结上,积极推动发展成果共享,有效保障公民各项经济权利,人民生活水平普遍提高。一是发展权利得到提升。1978年至2016年,新疆地区生产总值由39.07亿元增长至9617.23亿元,人均生产总值由313元增长至40427元,分别增长245.2倍和128.2倍;城镇居民人均可支配收入从319元增加到28463元,农村居民人均可支配收入从119元增加到10183元,分别增加了88.2倍和84.6倍。二是基本生活保障水平不断提升。城镇和农村居民家庭恩格尔系数分别由1980年的57.3%和60%左右,下降到2016年的29.1%和31.7%。二是贫困人口生存发展条件进一步改善。截至2016年年底,贫困发生率下降至10%,有力保障了贫困人口生存权和发展权。三是工作权利得到切实保障与提升。2016年年底,城乡就业人数达到1263.11万人,其中,城镇新增就业人数45.5万人,城镇登记失业率为3.22%。

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