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端午节:扎根乡土 激活民俗

2017-05-28 17:11:20   光明网

作者:李汉秋

中国传统节日的节俗,有的可以溯源到原始社会,是部落先民的某种遗风。如端午节的龙舟,与水网地区先民(如吴越族群)对龙图腾的崇拜和祭祀有关(传统认为龙是管水的)。风俗一旦形成便有其相对独立的生命流程,在人类社会的代代流传中,随着生存环境的变迁而不断发展变化,后代人往往模糊了先民遗风的真正动因,而根据自己时代和乡土的生存环境和意识,对由先民遗风发展来的民俗,作出合乎自己逻辑的解说和发展。

刚烈的端午诸贤的故事

中华传统节日的规律:因天人相应而立节成俗,对节候风俗人们总要作人文的解说。各地区的“解说”又往往与纪念乡土先贤挂上钩,形成民间故事传说,又借人物故事而传播成俗。如端午节的龙舟竟渡和包粽子,楚人挂上屈原,吴人挂上伍子胥,越人挂上孝女曹娥或越王勾践,湘西和桂林等地挂上伏波将军马援……总是传扬传统美德和高尚人格,而端午诸贤的故事多具有刚烈精神。精神文化不可偏于柔弱,端午节是传统节日中富有刚健气息的节日,也是社会性较强的节日。

纪念屈原

屈原(公元前340至前278年)。战国末期楚国丹阳今湖北秭归人。他虽忠事楚王却屡遭排挤,怀王死后又因顷襄王听信谗言而被流放,最终自沉汨罗江。经过历代的选择,屈原越来越突出出来,甚至被说成端午节“起源”于营救和纪念屈原。

“起源”当然不是,但中国人民选择屈原,是有丰富人文内涵的。屈原是中华民族第一位伟大诗人,他以自身的高洁人格谱写了伟大诗篇,他以伟大诗篇表现了自身的高洁人格:

“长太息以掩涕兮,哀民生之多艰。”忧国忧民,休戚与共,不仅“太息”,而且“掩涕”,爱得多么深沉!

“鸟飞返故乡兮,狐死必首丘。”虽被谤放逐,仍眷念故土乡国不忍离去,怀乡恋国的乡土深情、乡国情怀,可以转化、升华为爱国精神。

“路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下以求索。”追求真理,求索不懈,坚持正义,矢志不移。精神价值提升生命的意义。这样的诗句千年传颂,参与铸造中华民族的民族性格。

“亦余心之所善兮,虽九死其犹未悔。”坚持高洁的人格,以香草自喻,不与恶草为伍,不与卑鄙者同流合污,而且不受恶浊世风的习染,不隨风俯仰,不做不合理‘潜规则’的俘虜,宁死不污,身殉理想,九死不悔,坚贞不渝。

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