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广东公布第五次居民营养与健康状况调查结果

2017-05-24 15:08:55   国际在线

广东居民膳食结构(右)对照中国居民膳食宝塔(左)。陈惠婷 摄

国际在线消息(记者 陈惠婷):广东省疾控中心23日正式通报第五次居民营养与健康状况调查结果,显示从2002年-2012年广东居民营养与健康状况有所改善,营养缺乏性疾病明显下降,但是膳食模式发生明显变化,膳食结构仍然不合理,与生活方式相关的慢性病增长迅速,城乡差别明显缩小,防控效果不理想。

据通报,与第四次调查(2002年)相比,通过加强营养与慢性病的宣传教育和综合防控,十年来广东居民营养与健康状况有所改善,居民蔬菜水果摄入有所增加,油和盐的摄入量下降,闲暇时锻炼人数增加,营养缺乏性疾病如营养不良率、贫血率明显下降。

广东省疾控中心首席专家、广东省公共卫生研究院院长马文军客观指出广东居民膳食结构仍然不合理。特别是广东居民的膳食结构中畜禽肉摄入明显上升,2002年就已达到149.4克/标准人日,2012年更是上升到164.8克/标准人日,这些相较中国营养学会发布的《中国居民平衡膳食宝塔》每人每天推荐摄入畜禽肉量40-75克而言,已经远远超出标准值。而同样超出推荐值的还有盐摄入量,虽然与2002年相比,2012年每人每天盐摄入量已经下降了1.9克,但仍比推荐值(<6克)高出1.6克。与此同时,2012年的调查中还有一些食物摄入量数值是远未达到标准值的。比如,广东居民每日水果摄入量不到推荐下限的三分之一,奶类及其制品不到推荐量的七分之一,大豆及坚果类的摄入量也未达到推荐下限。

十年间,广东居民每天过多地食用动物性食物,相对减少谷薯类食物,而且蔬菜水果类等食物仍然不够标准量,也导致民众在营养素的摄入量方面,脂肪供能比超出推荐上限,维生素和矿物质摄入远远达不到平均需要量,在维生素D、B1、B2、B12、钙和钾的摄入量中均有超过九成居民未达标。

调查指出,2002年-2012年广东居民的不良生活方式和行为有增无减。比如,不锻炼的比例仍然高达60%;静坐时间大幅增加到每天超过3小时,家务时间却大幅减少到每天不到1小时,睡眠时间减少1个小时;吸烟率无论城乡均呈上升趋势;饮酒率上升了一倍多;在外就餐的比例从27.2%上升到48.0%,农村增幅还高于城市等等。

调查显示,2002年-2012年广东居民营养不良相关疾病明显改善,但营养过剩相关慢性疾病如超重、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常的患病率明显上升,而且农村的增长速度明显超过城市,防控效果不理想。

中国居民营养与健康状况调查过去按照十年一查,近年来随着经费投入的增加调整为三年一查。广东省疾控中心有关负责人透露,最新的调查结果有待国家有关部门审核,近期将给予公布。记者获悉,广东省卫生计生委和有关部门将通过为重点人群建立个性化的健康管理、完善防治网络、加强科学研究等措施,积极遏制慢性病高发态势,不断改善居民营养与健康状况。

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