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日本明仁天皇退位日期日益逼近 皇位继承变难题

2017-05-23 22:21:33   新华网

新华社东京5月23日电(国际观察)日本天皇退位近皇位继承变难题

新华社记者王可佳

日本超党派保守议员组织“日本会议国会议员恳谈会”23日举行会议讨论天皇退位问题,与会者反对在野党民进党提出的设立“女性宫家”方案。而此前一天,日本宫内厅召开记者会,否认媒体有关明仁天皇曾对仅制定适用于他本人的天皇退位法案表示不满的报道。

日本政府日前通过一项仅适用于明仁天皇的退位特例法案后,有关皇位继承问题的讨论在日本再次升温。随着明仁天皇退位日期日益逼近,解决皇位继承的稳定性已变得迫在眉睫。

适用范围成焦点

日本政府19日通过的这项法案全称为“关于天皇退位等的皇室典范特例法案”,目前已提交国会审议。一旦法案正式生效,明仁天皇将成为近200年来日本首位实现“生前退位”的天皇。

由于天皇“生前退位”在日本宪政史上并无先例,此事在日本社会引发了广泛争论,其中一大争议就是,是否应就此建立永久性制度。这一争论甚至涉及天皇本人。日本《每日新闻》21日援引宫内厅相关人士的话报道称,天皇曾对安倍政府制定“仅限一代退位特例法”的方针流露出不满,认为退位应建立永久性制度。宫内厅22日的表态,针对的就是这一报道。

在日本政界,日本政府和执政的自民党主张制定仅适用于明仁天皇的特例法,而民进党等在野党则倾向于建立永久性退位制度。据日本媒体报道,双方在研讨阶段曾多有争论。最终,各党派达成妥协,同意特例法仅适用于明仁天皇,但也吸取在野党及部分专家的意见,将法案名称中特指明仁天皇的表述“天皇陛下”改成泛指的表述“天皇”,使此次退位有可能成为未来参照的先例。

《每日新闻》报道称,究竟是“仅限一人”还是“成为先例”,未来将成为国会讨论的一个重要议题。

而在民间,大多数日本人支持永久性退位制度。日本共同社4月进行的一项民调显示,支持建立永久性退位制度的民众占68%,大幅超过支持制定仅限明仁天皇的特别法的民众比例。

仅剩两位继承人

根据日本政府通过的天皇退位特例法案,该法案如果生效,应于公示后3年内实施,实施当天即为天皇退位及皇太子即位之日。

法案规定,天皇和皇后退位之后,其称号将被改为“上皇”和“上皇后”。他们仍为皇室成员,但不再承担原有公务职责。明仁天皇的长子德仁皇太子即位后,次子秋筱宫文仁亲王将成为未来皇室的第一顺位继承人,享受等同于皇太子的待遇。

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