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转卖燃油赚差价!美国五角大楼被指设“小金库”

2017-05-23 10:38:33   新华网

美国《华盛顿邮报》20日报道,有关文件显示,美国五角大楼在过去近7年里通过向美军高价转售燃油,获取近60亿美元差价,并用这笔钱资助一些管理不善或资金不足的军事项目。

五角大楼的这一做法引发争议。一些议员和军方人士指认五角大楼“故意”抬高燃油转售价,并且私设“小金库”。

对于这种说法,国防部官员予以否认。

【得差价】

按《华盛顿邮报》的说法,美国国防部是世界上最大的燃油单一消费单位。其每年平均要购买约1亿桶、即42亿加仑(159亿升)精炼石油,供给飞机、战舰、坦克以及其他军用器械。

但这些燃油并非直接供给军队,而是由负责购买燃油的国防后勤局转售给武装部队的分支机构。

为便于制定预算,每个财政年度,国防后勤局都将根据固定的标准价格转售燃油。

在同国防后勤局以及白宫行政管理和预算局磋商后,这一转售油价由五角大楼财政审计官敲定。如果市场油价出现巨额浮动,审计官可以对标准油价作出调整。为平衡转售燃油的收益或损失,国防后勤局为此设立周转资金账户。

根据美国海军的燃油购买数据分析,2001年至2009年,国防后勤局转售给海军的燃油价格基本与商业航空公司通过市场直接购买的价格相近。

然而,自2010年起,两者间的差价大幅增加,1加仑燃油的转售价通常比市场价高出1美元甚至更多。通过转卖燃油,五角大楼积累了大量钱款。

【有用途】

根据国防部的数据,2011年以来,五角大楼从周转资金账户共动用59亿美元。国防部官员透露,这些款项几乎全部来自转卖燃油赚取的差价。

2015年,五角大楼曾5次动用转卖燃油所得钱款,将共约12亿美元投入于其他军事项目,包括将8000万美元用于训练叙利亚反政府武装等。五角大楼当年还动用4.5亿美元支持国防部健康项目。

2016年,五角大楼6次动用共计30亿美元钱款,其中14亿美元用以补缺美军在阿富汗作战所需的资金。

【受质疑】

按《华盛顿邮报》的说法,虽然五角大楼利用转卖燃油的差价填补其他不相关项目的做法得到国会批准,但一些议员质疑,这种做法相当于国防部借机敛财。

一些军方高官也表示,五角大楼“故意”向空军、海军、陆军以及海军陆战队等武装部队抬高燃油转卖价,并把这笔资金视为“小金库”。

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