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鲁哈尼连任能否让伊朗“脱困”

2017-05-21 09:11:12   新华社

新华社德黑兰5月20日电鲁哈尼连任能否让伊朗“脱困”

新华社记者穆东汪强

伊朗内政部20日宣布,现任总统鲁哈尼在伊朗第12届总统选举中获胜。

鲁哈尼成功连任,表明伊朗民众对其第一个任期的认可以及对其继续执政的期待。能否在第二个任期内让伊朗彻底摆脱内忧外患的困境,鲁哈尼任重道远。

  为何能获胜

伊朗内政部当天举行新闻发布会,宣布鲁哈尼得票率为57%,此前被视为鲁哈尼最大对手的保守派宗教人士莱希得票率为38.5%。

分析人士认为,鲁哈尼获胜主要有三大原因。

首先,民众认可鲁哈尼及其所代表的改革派阵营。长久以来,伊朗民众饱受经济制裁之痛,迫切希望国家走上对外开放的发展道路。鲁哈尼第一个总统任期内推动签署了伊核问题全面协议,尽管到目前为止,这一协议依然没有给伊朗带来实质性的变化,但这毕竟开启了一条正确道路,意味着伊朗向结束制裁迈出了重要一步。鲁哈尼在竞选期间提出进一步开放市场、实行与国际接轨的经济政策,令民众充满期待。

其次,主要竞选对手莱希缺乏从政经验。莱希在伊朗政坛尚属“后起之秀”,欠缺从政经验,且在竞选期间也未提出清晰具体的施政纲领,对外政策几乎只字未提,这使得选民或多或少质疑其执政能力。部分选民还担心,如果保守派代表莱希上台,伊朗很可能走到与西方强硬对抗的老路上,有可能会重回高强度制裁时代。

第三,此次选举投票率很高。据伊朗媒体报道,逾4100万选民参加了投票,投票率超过70%。分析人士指出,投票人数超出预期,主要原因是大量“摇摆选民”参加了投票。在所有伊朗选民中,超过半数属于“摇摆选民”,他们大多是世俗人士,投票一般都会选择改革派候选人。而“摇摆选民”之所以踊跃投票,与鲁哈尼在竞选期间的“强势”表现有关。面对咄咄逼人的保守派,鲁哈尼一反2013年竞选总统时的“温和”表现,强势回应保守派的攻击,提出了许多让“摇摆选民”振奋的改革理念。

  执政面临阻力

鲁哈尼成功连任,说明伊朗社会期待变革和发展的愿望没有改变,这无疑是改革派的重要胜利。在民众期待和现实阻力之间,鲁哈尼的第二个任期注定充满艰辛。

分析人士指出,尽管改革呼声日益强烈,但反西方的保守潮流在伊朗仍有巨大市场。掌控伊朗专家会议、宪法监护委员会等关键部门的保守势力对鲁哈尼第一个任期的执政,尤其是与西方发展关系的外交政策颇有异议,而这种状况在鲁哈尼的下一个任期内还会继续。

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