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特朗普首访中东难解进退两难

2017-05-19 19:01:27   新华网

新华社华盛顿5月18日电 题:特朗普首访中东难解进退两难

美国总统特朗普将于当地时间19日启程前往沙特阿拉伯,开始上任后首次出访。打破传统,首访选择中东,反映了特朗普政府对于反恐和中东政策的重视,但特朗普政府要想在中东问题上大展身手,恐怕难以摆脱美国在中东问题上进退维谷的尴尬。

白宫称特朗普此次长达9天的首次出访目标是传递“团结”的信息,并将重申美国在包括反恐问题上的“全球领导地位”。然而,自从伊拉克战争开启中东持续动荡的“潘多拉魔盒”以来,美国政府多年来一直苦于无力缓解,更不要说是解决中东愈演愈烈的宗派斗争。无论是小布什政府的武力干涉政策,还是奥巴马政府改用巧实力的“抽身”做法,都难改中东动荡局势。

进,深陷纷争泥潭;退,有损美国利益。面对如此难题,特朗普要想在中东政策上有所突破和建树,挑战巨大。

这挑战不仅有来自伊战这一“陈年老账”造成的恶果,也有中东局势本身的复杂性,而特朗普自身过往一些针对穆斯林的过激言论和上任后推出的移民限令也给他在中东寻求“团结”制造了障碍。

目前,特朗普政府的中东政策尚未成型,但对中东已经动作频频。如今,特朗普就任不满四个月,已经与埃及、以色列、沙特、土耳其等主要中东国家领导人都通了话,并同约旦国王、以色列总理举行了会晤,既想要修复盟友关系,又在“伊核问题”“巴以问题”上玩起“平衡术”。不难看出,特朗普扭转奥巴马政府的“抽身”政策,重新“回身”中东的意愿明显。

但是,美国国务院前政策规划主任乔恩·芬纳认为,特朗普上任后不再像奥巴马政府那样在一定程度上远离沙特和伊朗这两大中东势力间的争斗,但他目前表现出的大力支持沙特与伊朗对抗的势头可能会进一步加大中东地区的宗派冲突,加剧中东地区冲突。

实际上,自美国前总统吉米·卡特以来,美国历任总统上任初期,尤其是两党换届时,往往要修正前任中东政策,这成为一种惯常做法。但美国智库战略与国际研究中心中东专家安东尼·科德斯曼指出,即使是曾踌躇满志、誓在任期内实现美国从中东“抽身”的前总统奥巴马,也从未提及任何关于打击极端组织军事行动后,如何稳定伊拉克等地局势的长远政策和规划。

不得不说,美国在中东,好比强拆之后,重建不力,徒留一片烂尾楼。而摆在特朗普政府面前的,呼吁“团结”的理想丰满,而现实能否冲破美国中东政策的尴尬难题,困难重重。(记者 陆佳飞)

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