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2017年伊朗大选观察:总统如何产生?

2017-05-17 15:55:32   国际在线

伊朗总统选举(资料图)

伊朗总统是继领袖之后的国家最高领导人,对伊朗人民、领袖和伊斯兰议会负责,由人民直接投票选举产生,每届任期四年,可连任一届。伊朗第12届总统选举投票将于2017年5月19日举行。

伊朗总统选举流程首先是内政部宣布开启总统大选程序,2017年大选宣布的开启时间为2017年4月11日。之后有意角逐总统职位且符合条件的伊朗国民向其内政部注册登记,根据伊朗宪法,总统候选人必须是伊朗出生的伊朗公民、具备执政能力和智力、历史清白、诚信虔诚以及赞成伊朗伊斯兰共和国基本原则并信奉伊朗国教。伊朗总统候选人年龄不能低于21岁。2017年总选举登记日为4月11日至15日18时,有包括一百余位女性在内的一千人多人向内政部进行了注册登记。

在内政部注册登记后,伊朗宪法监护委员会(宪监会)将登记人进行资格审核,审核通过者即成为总统候选人。宪监会由12名成员组成,其中半数为领袖直接提名的教法专家,另外半数为司法部提名并经议会投票通过且领袖认可的法律专家。针对2017年总统选举,宪监会于4月16日开始对登记者进行资格审核,并于德黑兰当地时间4月20日晚上向内政部宣布了6位候选人名单:现任总统哈桑·鲁哈尼、第一副总统伊斯哈格·杰哈吉里、前副总统赛义德穆萨塔法·哈希米·塔巴、前副司法部长易卜拉欣·莱希、德黑兰市长穆罕默德·巴基尔·卡里巴夫、前总统顾问和文化部长穆萨塔法·米尔萨利姆。

正式取得总统候选人资格后,候选人就开展活动为自己拉票。值得注意的是,伊朗国家电视台电台对候选人的宣传时间有相当明确的规定。根据伊朗相关法律,2017年总统候选人开展的竞选活动截止至当地时间5月18日早晨8点。在进行拉票活动后就迎来投票日。年满18岁的伊朗选民在全国各地以及伊朗驻外机构进行投票,本次总统大选伊朗全国设有六千三百多个投票点。完成投票后就是紧张的计票和宣布投票结果了。

本次总统选举的6位候选人大致可以分为两个阵营,即改革派的现任总统哈桑·鲁哈尼、第一副总统伊斯哈格·杰哈吉里和前副总统穆萨塔法·哈希米·塔巴,保守派的前副司法部长易卜拉欣·莱希、德黑兰市长穆罕默德·巴基尔·卡里巴夫和前文化部长穆萨塔法·米尔萨利姆。随着5月15日卡里巴夫宣布退选并支持莱希、5月17日杰哈吉里宣布推选并支持鲁哈尼,本次选举的改革和保守之争更加明显。

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