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世界气象组织启动“极地预测年” 改善天气预报和气候预测能力

2017-05-16 10:33:42   国际在线

国际在线报道(中国国际广播电台记者 刘素云):世界气象组织当地时间5月15日在日内瓦发布公告,宣布启动2017-2019年“极地预测年”行动计划。这一国际共同行动旨在改善北极和南极天气、气候和海冰冰情的预测,尽量减少极地地区气候迅速变化带来的环境风险,缩小目前在极地预报能力上的差距。

世界气象组织指出,温室气体排放导致的全球变暖在极地地区产生了更为严重的影响。北极和南极部分地区的增温速度是世界其他地区的两倍,导致了冰川融化、海冰和雪盖的消褪。世界气象组织世界天气研究计划负责人保罗·鲁迪表示:“在过去几年当中,我们注意到极地地区出现的空前巨大变化。今年以来,北极和南极的海冰面积更是大范围减少。举个例子,在过去30-35年间,北极地区消失的海冰面积相当于法国和西班牙面积总和。”

世界气象组织指出,两极的天气、气候和冰情的急剧变化正在导致人类活动的增加,如交通、旅游、渔业和自然资源的开采提取。而在极地的极端环境下,对天气和海冰冰情的预报存在着严重不足。北极和南极是世界上观测最缺乏的地区。

为此,世界气象组织于2015年7月形成了“极地预测年”项目的行动方案,旨在提升极地地区天气、气候和冰情观测预报能力,力图使风险最小化。极地预测年从2017年中期开始到2019年中期结束,以涵盖北极和南极的一整年。未来两年中,由科学家和业务预报中心组成的大型国际跨学科网络将在北极和南极共同开展密集观测和模拟活动。

保罗·鲁迪指出,对天气和海冰冰情的预测将减少未来风险、实现极地地区的安全管理,进而改善人类活动较为集中的低纬度地区的预报。他说:“今天我们启动这一年度计划,这将大大改善我们对北极和南极地区的认知能力和观测水平。我希望通过这一计划,我们也能对中纬度地区气候情况的预测能力也得以提升。”

“极地预测年”是一个国际合作项目,目前已有21个国家参与其中,包括中国。保罗·鲁迪表示,世界气象组织研究机构与中国气象局、国家海洋局都保持着密切联系,中国广泛参与到气象组织的各项研究活动当中。他说:“出于多种原因,中国对与世界气象组织合作抱有浓厚的兴趣。来自中国不同机构的科学家们也参与到极地研究项目当中。中国是我们在这些研究领域最好的朋友之一。”

据了解,在“极地预测年”框架下收集到的所有观测资料,将通过世界气象组织信息系统实现共享,世界各地的业务预报中心将可以实时接收预报所需的资料。世界气象组织指出,这一项目将加强人类对北极和南极的科学理解,改善极地地区和人口密集国家天气预报和气候的预测能力。

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