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“一带一路”为中国与中亚合作提供新动力

2017-05-13 15:02:19   新华网

李建民 中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所研究员、西北师大中亚研究院学术院长

中亚地区历来是古丝绸之路必经之地,中国与中亚友好交往绵延数千年,曾经共同推动古代丝绸之路的发展与繁荣。1992年1月2日到6日,中国分别与新独立的中亚五国建交,历经25年的发展,中国与中亚国家在政治、经贸、安全、人文各领域合作不断深化。2013年,习近平主席在哈萨克斯坦提出共建“丝绸之路经济带”重大倡议,中亚国家热烈响应并积极参与。三年多来,“一带一路”倡议以“政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通”为主轴,为中国与中亚国家的合作注入新的强劲动力,不断探索互利共赢的国际合作新模式。

政策沟通对于国家间合作和区域合作发挥着先导和基础作用。近年来,“一带一路”分别与哈萨克斯坦2050战略、乌兹别克斯坦“福利与繁荣年”规划、吉尔吉斯斯坦“国家稳定发展战略”、塔吉克斯坦“能源交通粮食”三大战略及土库曼斯坦建设“强盛幸福时代”发展战略实现对接,寻找契合点,为各国发展提供了新的机遇。

设施联通是“一带一路”建设的基础,中国和中亚国家围绕互联互通建设通力协作。2014年5月,丝绸之路经济带首个实体平台江苏连云港中哈物流合作基地正式启用,这是哈萨克斯坦乃至整个中亚第一次正式获得通向太平洋的出海口。目前,中国和中亚天然气管道建设打造了绵延上万公里的“能源丝路”,保证了沿线4亿人口的生活燃料供应。“中国西部-欧洲西部”国际运输走廊项目加快落实,开启了地区互联互通新篇章。依托欧亚大陆桥,中国经中亚通往欧洲沿线国家的“中欧班列”取得飞速发展。与此同时,中吉乌铁路、中塔公路、中塔跨境光缆、乌鲁木齐枢纽机场建设等项目稳步推进。

产能和技术合作是中国与中亚合作的亮点,双方合作潜力巨大。始于2014年的中国哈萨克斯坦产能合作已形成52个早期收获项目,由中国企业承建的乌兹别克斯坦“安格连帕普”铁路隧道通车,中国企业在吉尔吉斯斯坦投资建设的炼油厂和多个矿业项目顺利实施。中国与中亚产能合作为我国优势产能开拓国际市场形成了良好示范效应。

中国和中亚国家是互利共赢的经贸合作伙伴,2016年中国已成为吉尔吉斯斯坦、土库曼斯坦第一大贸易伙伴,哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦和塔吉克斯坦第二大贸易伙伴,密切的经济联系为中亚参与实施“一带一路”提供了现实支撑。

在金融合作方面,中亚国家不断扩大与中方在本币支付和结算方面的合作,哈萨克斯坦已将人民币列为储备货币,中哈正就建设阿斯塔纳国际金融中心和商品交易所开展合作;中哈产能合作基金正式成立,两国金融和保险机构签署多项融资和合作协议,为双边重大项目实施提供了有力支持。

中国与中亚国家在人文领域的交流也越来越受到重视。通过文艺团组频繁往来和高品质文化展演,民众相互了解不断加深。中国与中亚国家互派留学生人数逐年增加,伴随着“一带一路”的推进,中亚开始形成“汉语热”,人文交流日趋活跃。

在短短的三年多内,“一带一路”倡议实现了从理论设想到创新实践的跨越,正在从图纸逐渐变成现实。中亚国家领导人将参加 “一带一路“国际合作高峰论坛,就“一带一路”建设的现状和未来提出建议,共同规划合作路径。展望未来,中国将与中亚各国利用“一带一路”搭建的国际合作平台和新机遇,进一步强化务实合作,实现共同发展。

(原标题:专家:“一带一路”为中国与中亚合作提供新动力 )

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