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韩国大选民调显示文在寅扩大领先优势(资料图)
当前,韩国总统大选已经进入最后的倒计时阶段,如果说此前安哲秀作为一匹黑马,极有可能与文在寅展开“二人对决”。那么目前这种格局正在逐渐消失,因为进入了大选的最后冲击周,安哲秀这匹“黑马”已经显得后劲乏力。民调数据显示,安哲秀与文在寅的支持率不仅没有缩小,反而不断拉大。反观文在寅,参选以来表现一直稳定,民调支持率在大部分时间也是遥遥领先且支持基础稳定,所以目前普遍预测姜还是老的辣,文在寅最有希望笑到最后。作为全世界最为高危的总统职位,不管谁入主青瓦台,恐怕都有一种高处不胜寒的感觉,毕竟呈现在韩国新总统面前的局面不容乐观,可以说是困境重重。如果韩国新总统要有所作为,必须对内外交困的局面有所破解。
韩国的内在困境主要有两个方面,一是如何在朴槿惠总统丑闻后重拾国民对政府的信任与支持;二是如何解决多年来经济振兴乏力的局面。曾几何时,韩国民众对朴槿惠的当选期望极高,希望其一能效仿其父为韩国带来二次“汉江奇迹”,二能肃清韩国的政治生态,让腐败荡然无存。不过令人遗憾的是朴槿惠不仅未能实现韩国民众的愿望,还让自己身陷囹圄。对于韩国新总统而言,如何消除朴槿惠总统丑闻暴露后韩国民众的不满心态,尽可能地争取韩国民众对新政府的信任尤为关键。不过如何赢取民心并非说说而已那么轻巧,关键是看能否给韩国老百姓带来实惠,因而归根结底是如何重振韩国的经济。殷鉴不远,朴槿惠下台的原因起初主要源自经济振兴的乏力。因而只有把经济搞好了,韩国民众才能更多支持新总统、新政府。
韩国的外在困境主要在于如何缓和南北关系和促进中韩关系回暖。自金正恩执政以来,朝鲜在拥核的道路上已经渐行渐远,南北关系持续紧张。如今,各方候选人对朝政策尽管强弱有所不同,接触派与遏制派的观点都有,但恐怕很难有人能够像金大中、卢武铉那样推行较为温和的对朝政策,韩国的国内舆论恐怕也很难支持新政府实施“阳光政策”。面对一贯强硬的朝鲜,韩国新总统过于强硬只能促使朝鲜更加坚定地拥核;如果采取释放善意政策,其效果如何恐怕令人质疑,如果对朝援助无法换取朝鲜在军事上的克制,韩国国内民众恐怕又会抱怨不断。相对于南北问题这个老问题,如何破解因萨德入韩所导致的中韩关系恶化这个新困境恐怕更需要韩国新总统能够有所作为。中国是韩国的第一大贸易伙伴,占韩国对外贸易30%左右,而韩国又是一个对外贸易依存度极高的国家,因为与中国搞好关系对于韩国的经济发展的重要性毋庸置疑。此外,韩国在与中国在安全、政治上也存在不少共同利益。因而韩国新总统必须要搞好中韩关系,这不仅关系到对外关系格局,也深刻影响到韩国经济振兴。(凌胜利,外交学院国际安全研究中心秘书长)
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