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深度观察:英国解散议会是怎么回事

2017-05-05 09:28:30   国际在线

英国首相特蕾莎·梅。(资料图)

国际在线报道(记者 易成晨)英国首相特蕾莎•梅近日在唐宁街10号正式宣布解散英国议会,直至新的议会选举产生。那么英国为什么要解散议会,又是如何解散,以及解散以后怎么办呢?

  特蕾莎·梅为什么要解散议会?

特蕾莎•梅认为目前的议会对脱欧工作产生了阻碍,因此希望重新进行大选,以希望新的议会能使脱欧更顺利。

特蕾莎•梅在4月18日解释提前大选的原因时表示,其他政党的反对不利于英国脱欧谈判。例如,工党威胁要投票反对英国政府与欧盟达成的协议,自民党声称要使政府的工作停顿,苏格兰民族党扬言要反对英国废除欧盟法律,上议院的非民选议员已经发誓要跟政府对抗到底。

由于目前特蕾莎•梅领导的保守党处于领先地位,因此提前举行大选后,一旦保守党以明显优势当选,将扩大保守党在议会下议院的议席数量,使特蕾莎•梅政府推行的各项脱欧政策更具权威性。

  特蕾莎•梅是否有权解散议会?

英国是君主立宪制国家,即伊丽莎白二世女王是国家元首,而特蕾莎•梅是政府首脑。

在英国历史上,议会的解散主要有三种形式,但不管哪种形式,都必须经过英王的同意,以英王的名义解散议会。

第一种:一届议会的5年任期结束之后,由国王宣布解散,然后重新进行选举。

第二种:长期解散,解散后不立即重新进行选举。例如1629年,查理一世解散议会,直到1640年的11年间,他独自统治国家。

第三种:提前解散。当首相得不到下院的支持时,即使议会的任期还没结束,也可以提请英王解散议会,重新大选。此次英国解散议会即属于这种情况。

  英国议会是如何构成的?上院和下院有何区别?

英国国会由三大部分组成,分别是君主、作为上院的上议院,以及作为下院的下议院。

英国上议院目前有810人。上院议员包括王室后裔、世袭贵族、终身贵族、上诉法院法官和教会大主教及主教。上院议员实行终身制,非选举产生,由各政党提名、皇家委员会推举或世袭等方式获得爵位者方可担任。

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