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走近重庆涪陵 探秘页岩气开发背后的国产化奇迹

2017-05-05 08:16:16   央视网

中国石化江汉油田涪陵页岩气田乌江之畔双钻机

央视网消息(记者 王甲铸)重庆市涪陵区焦石镇,一个原本默默无闻的山间小镇,近年来迅速成为国内外关注的焦点。在这里,中国石化发现了国内首个页岩气田,如今这里已是全球范围内除北美之外最大的页岩气田。

今年3月21日,中国石化宣布,涪陵页岩气田累计供气突破100亿方相当于1000万吨原油。目前,涪陵页岩气田日销售页岩气达1600万方,相当于3200万户居民每日的用气需求。

页岩气开发是一项高技术门槛的战略工程,拥有核心技术的重要性不言而喻。“从零起步,我们用6年时间,走过了美国30多年的技术攻关之路。”中石化相关公司技术创新团队的主要负责人如是说。

中国版桥塞 不再让外国技术“卡脖子”

页岩气开采地下钻进示意图

页岩气勘探开采的技术突破,是降低成本、实现商业化的前提。摆脱束缚才能高飞。

在页岩气开采中,需要一个关键设备“桥塞”,是用于地下水平井分段的“分割器”,而水平井分段压裂技术被视作页岩气开采的“命门”。过去,涪陵页岩气田主要使用美国进口的桥塞,单只价格15万元,每口井需要约15个,购置费用高达220万元,而且还会经常被国外“卡脖子”。

经过多年多的改进、摸索,中国石化“升级版”国产桥塞2016年在涪陵页岩气田被广泛应用。该桥塞各项指标优于进口桥塞。以钻塞时间为例,通常进口桥塞全部钻完平均需要7至10天,而国产桥塞全部钻完的平均周期是5至7天,而成本仅为国外的十分之一。

如今,由于中国的桥塞产品价格低、质量过关,现在美国公司反过来购买。中国石化石油机械公司一年出口到美国的桥塞就多达6000只。

3000型大型压裂车 中国版“巨无霸”

压裂车龙

页岩气深藏于密不透风的页岩中,开采难度大,最关键的技术是分段压裂,其工作原理是将大体量压裂液压注进井底,使岩壁碎裂,释放页岩气。全球大多数国家受制于高技术门槛,只能望“气”兴叹。

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