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日本“修宪”违背和平发展潮流

2017-05-04 13:52:11   国际在线

安倍晋三(资料图)

5月3日是日本和平宪法实施70周年纪念日,然而这个本应该铭记历史,宣扬和平的日子,却成了日本国内修宪势力撕开封印,进一步掀起修宪舆论的“大好时机”。5月1日,在一个推动修宪的超党派议员集会上,日本首相安倍晋三再次向世人展现了他强烈的修宪欲望,安倍表示“修宪的时机已经愈发成熟,现在只需要一个具体的提案,今年必须迈出历史性的一步”。日本前首相中曾根康弘也以99岁高龄出席集会,为修宪势力站台,声称“在国民参与的基础上,根据国民全体的意见,让国民亲手制定宪法”。

从日本国内来看,自民党企图携执政优势强势推动“修宪”。一方面,在2016年举行的参议院选举中,以自民党为核心的修宪势力控制了参议院三分之二以上绝对多数议席,从而满足了修改宪法的重要条件,即在众参两院都占据三分之二以上议席。另一方面,日本修宪的“代言人”安倍晋三有望长期执政。此前,日本自民党将现行总裁任期连任不得超过“两届6年”,修改为“连任三届共9年”,为安倍连任铺路。修宪是安倍的夙愿,也是他父亲安倍晋太郎和外祖父岸信介前首相的梦想,安倍的长期掌权或许可为其修宪提供充足的时间。

从国际形势来看,美国的“纵日”政策加强了日本“修宪”的野心。自冷战结束以来,日美同盟经过三次调整,双方的合作范围已由“周边事态”向“全球化”方向发展,随着双方合作向纵深方向发展,美国亟需日本在安全防务领域积极作为,宪法第9条已经成为深化、发展美日同盟关系的障碍。特别是特朗普上台后,鼓励日本在安全防务领域发挥更大的作用。美国的态度对日本来说犹如一颗“定心丸,”使日本在修宪问题上更加有恃无恐。

日本“修宪”“损人不利己”。首先,日本在二战后坚持和平化发展道路,迅速成为经济强国,正是得益于和平宪法的保障,和平宪法对日本经济崛起功不可没,日本修改和平宪法,其面临的国际环境势必会发生变化。随着日美同盟向全球化方向发展,失去了和平宪法约束的日本被卷入战争冲突的可能性将大大增大,这对原本低迷的日本经济来说,无疑是雪上加霜。

其次,日本修宪违背世界和平发展的主流,势必对地区的和平与发展带来不利影响。军国主义曾给广大亚洲国家带来沉重灾难的历史不容忘记。然而,近年来,日本右翼势力动作频频,在教育领域,日本的历史修正主义教育正向军国主义教育发生危险的转变,军国主义教育大有死灰复燃之势。在军事领域,日本积极通过美日同盟,实现“借船出海”,其军事大国化的梦想暴露无遗。和平宪法被修宪势力视为实现军事大国的“绊脚石”。日本政府“为修宪而修宪”,其最终目标无非是突破和平宪法第9条“永远放弃以国权发动的战争、武力威胁或武力行使作为解决国际争端的手段”对其的限制,从而实现军事大国的梦想。目前,和平宪法已成为遏制日本军国主义发展的最后一道屏障,其缺口一旦被打开,势必危及亚太地区乃至世界的和平、稳定与发展,这必须引起全世界的高度警惕。

日本修宪势力声称,修宪是基于民意的行为。然而,以制造他国威胁论、刻意夸大地区紧张局势所蛊惑的民意又能多大程度上代表真正的民意?以蛊惑而来的民意为基础,行修宪之实,以达到自身的政治目的,这种行为所带来的结果恐怕要远远超出日本一国之范围。放虎容易,收虎难,摆脱和平宪法束缚的日本,是否能像安倍本人所说的一样,积极地为国际社会做贡献?这恐怕要打上一个大大的问号。(潘万历中国社会科学院研究生院博士;张方慧外交学院国际关系研究所硕士)

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