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“不屑于当技工”心态必须破除

2017-05-04 13:49:08   

近期发布的2017年人才蓝皮书《中国人才发展报告(NO.4)》显示,我国高级技工缺口达上千万人。高技能人才短缺,并不是一个新鲜话题,但因一直未能得以有效破解,所以一经提及,难免再次成为焦点。

近年来,随着我国制造业水平不断提升,对于高级技工的渴求日益迫切;在珠三角、长三角等地,每年都会曝出“万金难求高级技工”的新闻。在这样的背景下,“大国工匠”遭遇1000万人的缺口,不能不说是一种遗憾。“大国工匠”短缺瓶颈,为何难突破?“政府不够重视”“中国人缺少‘工匠精神’”“职业教育机构太少”……人们多数会归咎于此类理由。

这些理由显然不成立。党的十八大以来,国务院印发《关于加快发展现代职业教育的决定》,“工匠精神”几度写进《政府工作报告》,人社部印发《技工教育“十三五”规划》,教育部、人社部和工信部联合发布《制造业人才发展规划指南》,“中华技能大奖”年年评选,“技工荒”持续成为媒体关注焦点。

那么,“技工缺口”为什么一直不见缓解呢?一方面,在我国转型发展的过程中,对高技能人才的需求数量持续增加。另一方面,也是决定性的原因在于,很多人心中有一个“不愿意甚至不屑于当技工”的心结。

国家如此重视,薪酬越来越高,就业竞争如此激烈,为什么愿意当技工的人不多呢?社会人才观存在偏差,对技工认可度不高、尊重程度较低,恐怕是最重要的原因。长久以来,在很多人心中,大学生才是人才、体面工作的代名词,而工人则是“双手油污、浑身汗臭、收入低下”的代名词。近年来,虽然国家倡导加强职业教育,但是各地各级大学持续扩招,有些大学甚至出现招生名额大于报名人数的现象,也就是说只要报名就能被录取。于是乎,大学生就业再难,人们也愿意让子女接受大学学历教育。

与技能人才社会地位偏低、认同感不强相伴而生的,是职业发展渠道单一、上升空间和成长模式狭窄。具体表现就是,无论月薪多少,在现行体制下,技工的出路几乎永远被定格在车间一线,繁重的劳作和无休止的加班往往会伴随其全部职业生涯。无怪乎,一个月薪三四千元的“白领”岗位能吸引大学生哄抢,而工资上万元的技工岗位却无人问津。

为破解“技工荒”,不少企业和地方都以重奖和高薪的方式,来吸引和激励技术人才。让人无奈的是,很多时候高薪和重奖也很难招到合适的人才。与此同时,却有不少技术工人申请到国外“打洋工”。在澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰甚至德国,都有中国高技术人才获得工作签证,涵盖电焊、水电、安装等工种。为什么中国技工要舍近求远?除了经济收益高这个重要原因外,恐怕就是在国外从事技术工作,社会地位并不会低人一等。比如“水电工”这个职业,在不少西方发达国家就很有含金量。对此,全社会都要树立“让劳动者体面工作”的意识和信心,给予普通劳动者重奖和高薪不能是权宜之计,而应成为常态,让“劳动最光荣”深入人心。

要从根本上破解“技工荒”,我们必须营造重视技能、尊重技工的社会氛围。在提高技工人才收入的同时,更要注意消除其成长路上的瓶颈,让年轻人看到当技工也可以有尊严地生活,看得到事业前途和人生希望。唯有如此,才能迎来技工人才的春天。

(作者:罗旭)

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