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马杜罗宣布举行立宪会议重制宪法 反对派誓言抗争到底

2017-05-02 10:44:06   国际在线

国际在线报道(中国国际广播电台记者 孙宇):当地时间5月1日,委内瑞拉总统马杜罗宣布将组织召开立宪会议取代反对派掌控国会,重新制定宪法,并由人民决定是否有必要提前举行大选。

当天,委内瑞拉反对派政党联盟发动了近一个月以来的第八次全国性大规模反政府示威活动,要求政府提前举行大选和马杜罗自动解职。与此同时,数十万马杜罗的支持者也涌上街头声援政府。

马杜罗在首都加拉加斯市中心其拥护者举行的集会上发表讲话,宣布将举行立宪会议取代国会,重新颁布宪法,并由民众决定是否需要提前举行大选。他同时号召委内瑞拉所有劳动者和社会各阶层团结一致战胜国家所面临的困境,通过立宪会议彻底击败外来干涉和阴谋政变者,以重振国家经济,稳定政治和社会秩序,实现国内的民主与和平。

马杜罗还透露说,委政府已向国家最高选举管理机关全国选举委员会提交了组织举行立宪会议的申请,而委内瑞拉部长会议也会将很快就此作出决议。

根据现行的委内瑞拉宪法,在国家遇到政变或民主制度受到威胁时,允许政府召开由社会各阶层民众代表组成的立宪会议,代替国会行使立法权,以及进行修宪或制定和颁布新宪法。立宪会议的代表人数在500人以内,不是由全民投票直接选举产生,而是由各阶层、各地区民众推举产生候选人,再通过民众投票选出与会代表。此外,委宪法还规定,总统和任何权利机关都无权干涉或妨碍立宪会议做出的一切决定。

1999年4月,刚刚就任不到两个月的委内瑞拉总统查韦斯就组织召开了立宪会议,并解散国会和最高法院。会议于当年11月完成制定新宪法草案,12月颁布新宪法,将总统任期从5年延长至6年,任满后可谋求连任,并将国名改为“委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国”。这是委内瑞拉第一次举行立宪会议。当时与会的131名代表是从民众推选出的1171名候选人中选出,而反对派代表只有6人。

委内瑞拉反对派领袖、国会主席博尔赫斯1日针对马杜罗作出的“历史性决定”发表声明称,反对派政党联盟强烈反对马杜罗政府举行立宪会议。博尔赫斯强调,委内瑞拉的民主必须由每位国民参与决定,立宪会议代表不是全民直接投票选举出来的,因此不能代表全民的意志。他呼吁各党派和民众抵制举行立宪会议,并继续与马杜罗政府抗争到底。

今年3月底,委内瑞拉最高法院裁决取代反对派控制的国会行使立法权和剥夺所有议员的司法豁免权。虽然委高法迫于国内外压力最后取消了这两项裁决,但还是引发了反对派从上月初开始连续举行大规模抗议活动。据媒体报道,委军方出动了防爆部队和装甲车,动用了高压水龙、催泪瓦斯和橡皮子弹驱散抗议人群。在近一个月的反政府示威中有近30人死亡,数百人受伤,1400余人被捕。

委内瑞拉紧张局势引起国际社会广泛关注。联合国、欧盟、美洲国家组织、南美洲南方共同市场组织,以及美国和多数拉美国家纷纷表示对委国内局势深感担忧,并在谴责暴力事件的同时,呼吁委各方在宪法框架范围内通过政治对话等和平手段解决政治分歧,而且特别要求马杜罗政府尽快制定和明确举行大选的时间表。美洲国家组织在上月底还决定就委内瑞拉危机召开特别会议,导致委内瑞拉正式退出该组织。

此外,古巴、玻利维亚、厄瓜多尔等国则表示对马杜罗政府的无条件支持。马杜罗政府对国际社会作出回应称,委内瑞拉人民有能力维护本国的民主与自由,强烈反对任何外部势力干涉委内瑞来内政。

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