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墨西哥湾漏油:自然资源受损多严重?

2017-04-23 07:20:53   新华网

一项最新调查显示,英国石油公司2010年墨西哥湾漏油事件对自然资源造成的损失约为172亿美元。

这份调查报告刊登在20日出版的美国《科学》期刊上。此前,美国政府和企业仅能根据市场交易价格对私有资产进行损失评估,但对自然资源的破坏情况则难以掌握。

【最新报告】

经过持续数年的调查,一个专家组20日公布了墨西哥湾漏油事件中自然资源受损评估报告,题为《英国石油公司漏油事件:对自然资产受损情况进行币值评估》。根据最新评估结果,相关损失约为172亿美元。

2010年4月,英国石油公司租赁的钻井平台“深水地平线”爆炸后沉入墨西哥湾,致死11人,造成持续87天漏油灾难。

尽管该钻井平台2010年9月19日被封死,但据美国媒体报道,2012年初,有迹象显示该钻井平台仍在继续漏油。

参与研究人员之一、美国弗吉尼亚农业和生命科学技术学院农业和应用经济学教授凯文·博伊尔说,这项研究证实“我们的自然资源存在巨大的货币价值”。

博伊尔接受今日俄罗斯电视台网站采访时举例说,“当人们决定去海滩度假,这不仅仅关乎享受海滩体验,而同时也是一项经济决策。他们需要决定去多远的地方、要花多少钱,从而表明这当中牵涉经济价值”。

2015年7月,英国石油公司与美国墨西哥湾沿岸5个州等就赔偿问题达成协议,同意在今后18年内分期付款187亿美元,创下美国历史上单一公司支付赔偿金额的最高纪录。

【民众揪心】

据今日俄罗斯电视台网站报道,2010年“深水地平线”爆炸约一个月后,美国国家海洋和大气管理局委托18名专家对自然资源受损情况进行详细评估。

过去,美国政府和企业仅能大致掌握与墨西哥湾有关私有资产的损失规模,主要依据是其市场交易状况。然而,自然资产不存在市场交易,因而难以对其损失额进行准确评估。

受委托的专家组为弥补这一缺陷,设计了一套新的评估体系。专家组随机抽取美国民众,向他们说明墨西哥湾漏油事件的前因后果,以及旨在防范类似悲剧重演的项目,随后统计他们愿意承担多少增税用于治污及防范措施。

根据问卷设计的不同情形,如果漏油事件仅造成湿地污染、鸟类死亡、度假海滩封闭等相对较小的破坏,52.2%的调查对象愿为此承担15美元增税,43.5%愿承担65美元增税。

如果漏油事件造成相对较大的环境破坏,例如影响范围蔓延至深水珊瑚、宽吻海豚、海龟幼崽等,则57.7%的调查对象愿承担15美元增税,48.8%愿承担65美元增税。

“调查结果令人大开眼界,我们从中可看出,人们何等重视海洋资源和生态系统的价值,”博伊尔表示。(杨舒怡)(新华社专特稿)

原标题:墨西哥湾漏油:自然资源受损多严重?

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