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“世界无烟”控烟之路依旧漫漫 公众认识远未到位

2017-05-30 21:35:15   新华社

新华社北京5月30日电题:控烟之路依旧漫漫 “世界无烟”从何处破局

新华社记者

“吸烟有害健康”“吸烟是健康头号杀手”等口号提了多年,但吸烟人数未见减少;“全国多地立法控烟”等举措实施多年,但控烟成效依旧不容乐观。5月31日是第30个世界无烟日,真正的“世界无烟”离我们还有多远?

行动:控烟力度不断加码

近段时间,家住北京的高晴觉得公共场所吸烟的人明显少了。不仅曾经烟雾缭绕的饭店吸烟人数明显减少,以前在单位楼梯间“吞云吐雾”的同事也有部分“转战”到楼外。

据了解,《北京市控制吸烟条例》施行一年多来,控烟场所检查合格率从77%升至93%。近日,这部号称“史上最严”的控烟令又添新规,5月1日北京多部门联合下发通知,北京市7.1万辆出租车已纳入全面控烟范围,无论司机还是乘客都严禁在出租车内吸烟。

上海也加大了控烟力度。今年3月1日起,新修订的《上海市公共场所控制吸烟条例》开始实施。与原条例相比,新修订的条例中,室内禁烟区域从特定的室内公共场所扩大到所有室内公共场所、室内工作场所和部分室外场所。其中,餐饮场所、娱乐场所不能划定吸烟区域;国家机关的会议室、餐厅以及共用的工作场所等室内公共活动区域禁止吸烟;机场、铁路客运站、港口客运站等取消吸烟室。

据了解,自2010年《上海市公共场所控制吸烟条例》颁布实施以来,上海市法定场所违规吸烟发生率呈稳步下降趋势。2016年法定禁烟场所违规吸烟发生率为8.5%,比2015年下降4.6个百分点,与2010年底18.6%相比,下降10.1个百分点;与2010年条例生效前37.6%相比,降幅达77.4%。

在深圳,控烟力度也不断加强。从今年1月1日起,《深圳经济特区控烟条例》两年多的过渡期限届满,深圳市的酒吧等休闲娱乐场所从“限制吸烟”转为“禁止吸烟”。

目前,我国已有近20个城市制定了公共场所无烟的法律法规,全社会控烟已成共识。

“近20年来,首次看到烟草销量有所下降是2015年。2016年继续保持下降,尽管幅度非常小,只有2.4%,但这或许是一个拐点。”中国控烟协会会长胡大一说,“北京、上海、深圳在全国来讲起到了带头作用,尤其是北京效果很明显,但全国的总体控烟形势依然艰难。”

尴尬:公众认识远未到位

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