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满城飞絮恼人:北京2天内300多起火情与飞絮有关

2017-05-10 06:26:16   

又是一年飞絮时。满城飘扬的杨柳飞絮是北方城市特有的一道风景,不过它惹的祸也不少,不仅让医院里过敏看诊病人增多,也带来不少火灾隐患。面对杨柳飞絮,我们的城市有什么应对之策呢——

每年春季,杨柳飞絮都会如期而至,纷纷扬扬,漫天飞舞,给城市居民带来了不少烦恼。

满城飞絮恼人

家住北京虎坊桥的孙女士,这几天脖颈、手臂生出不少小红点,痒得难受。医院皮肤科大夫告诉她是飞絮过敏,建议她少出门。

国家林业局造林绿化管理司森林经营处处长蒋三乃告诉《经济日报》记者,产生飞絮的是杨柳雌树。北京市的杨絮一般在4月上中旬左右发生,柳絮一般在4月底至5月初发生,都会持续两周左右。飞絮是杨柳种子的衍生物,属于杨柳繁衍的自然现象,但在空气中浓度较高时,就会对人们的生活造成一定的影响。

杨柳飞絮主要发生在北京等北方地区,危害主要表现在3个方面:一是危害市民身体健康。飞絮容易飞入市民眼睛、鼻孔,导致过敏人群皮肤过敏,加重哮喘、慢性支气管炎等呼吸道疾病。二是影响交通安全和公共安全。飞絮经常堵塞汽车水箱散热片导致开锅熄火,也会遮挡行人和车辆视线。飞絮接触明火极易引发火灾。杨柳飞絮正值北方旱季,火险等级高,假如用火控制不当,很容易酿成火灾。三是飞絮会妨碍生产设备运转,影响精密仪器测量准确性,干扰工业生产和科研活动。

“一些敏感人群在春季除了对杨柳絮过敏以外,其实对花粉也会过敏,可能是综合反应,但花粉不像杨柳飞絮那么显眼,故而人们就把很多过敏反应都归罪于杨柳絮。”蒋三乃说。

不宜一砍了之

北京等北方城市的杨柳树主要集中种植于上世纪六七十年代,当时绿化尚处于起步阶段,经费投入有限,可选择的树种相对较少。杨柳适应性强,易于繁殖成活,生长速度快,养护成本较低,成为北方城市绿化的主力树种,为增加城市绿量、改善生态环境作出了重大贡献。据北京市园林绿化部门普查,北京建成区有200万株杨柳树雌株,占园林绿化乔木总量3700万株的5.4%。如今,这些杨柳树都已进入成熟期,因而飞絮量较大。

有网友建议干脆把产生飞絮的杨柳雌株都砍掉。对此,中国工程院院士沈国舫告诉记者,杨柳树的生态贡献远远大于飞絮危害,治理杨柳飞絮千万不能一砍了之。目前北京等北方城市杨柳树品种数量很多,且大都已经形成大树,如果大量伐除这些树木,会导致城市环境质量急剧恶化。杨树和柳树因具有品种丰富、生态适应性广、抗逆性及生命力强、生长速度快、繁殖容易、树体高大、树形优美、遮阴效果好等诸多优点,广泛应用于城市绿化、农田防护林建设、四旁绿化、道路及河岸绿化等。除了具有良好的景观效果,杨柳树还具有释氧固碳、降温增湿、减菌杀菌、吸收有毒有害物质等显著的生态功能。杨树和柳树具有显著的抗大气污染的能力,对二氧化硫、氯气、氟化氢等有害气体、颗粒物及重金属的抗性和吸收吸附能力极强,是城市园林绿化的优良抗污树种,在抗大气污染的某些能力方面优于国槐和侧柏。一株胸径20厘米的杨树,一年可以吸收二氧化碳172公斤,释放氧气125公斤,滞尘16公斤。一株胸径20厘米的柳树,一年可以吸收二氧化碳281公斤,释放氧气204公斤,滞尘36公斤。

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