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北京住建委:随意拆阳台垛子风镐施工也会被拉黑

2017-05-05 03:51:32   北京晨报

市住建委:随意拆阳台垛子风镐施工也会被拉黑

扩窗为门、扒墙开洞、拆阳台垛子……除了违法开设沿街小门脸外,日常生活中的“任性”装修也可能纳入信用“黑名单”。记者昨天从市住建委获悉,今后,本市将推动从信用管理的角度加强对违法拆改结构的管理。

拆墙降低整楼抗震力

近年来,市住建委加强了对违法拆改承重结构的监管力度,要求房屋管理单位宣传擅自拆改结构的危害,发现违法行为及时制止,随意拆改结构的风气得到了一定遏制。今后,市住建委还将推动从信用管理的角度加强对违法拆改结构的管理。

市住建委相关负责人告诉记者,我国在市场经济发展的一段时间内,城镇沿街小商店对当时商业的发展起到了一定的作用,但其中一部分是把多层砌体房屋拆除一个开间外纵墙,或把外纵墙的窗洞改为门洞,把底层的住宅功能改为商店使用。这种拆墙及墙体开洞严重危害了房屋建筑结构安全与抗震性能。在多层砌体结构中,即使是横墙承重的结构体系,其窗台下墙与窗间墙一起形成较稳定墙体,对结构整体性和抗震性能的作用是非常显著的,能够较好形成该道纵向墙各个墙段共同抵御和传递地震作用。拆除窗下墙后砌体墙的高宽比、水平承载能力、抗侧刚度较不拆墙的有较大幅度降低。在地震作用下该外纵墙将率先破坏和破坏严重,降低了整个房屋的抗震能力。

高层阳台垛子也别拆

还有个别房屋建筑装修中,随意拆改结构主体,比如拆除砌体房屋的承重墙、在钢筋混凝土剪力墙截断钢筋开洞等,这些都对房屋结构安全性与结构抗震性能造成了极大的危害。

这位负责人举例说,比如,有人在购置的高层剪力墙住宅房屋中,拆改靠阳台一侧的窗台下墙以扩大通往阳台的门宽,这种拆改大大削弱了该道剪力墙局部连梁的承载能力和降低了该道剪力墙的刚度,使得与其相连接的剪力墙的整体性能被削弱,在地震作用下该连梁和与之相连接的剪力墙将发生严重破坏。

还有市民在总层数为20层剪力墙住宅房屋第10层一个单元的装修中,在一道横向剪力墙紧靠墙体一侧开门洞,使得该墙体边缘构件的主筋与箍筋全部切断,这不仅削弱了该道剪力墙的刚度和承载能力,而且削弱了该道剪力墙的变形能力。使该道剪力墙成为了整个房屋结构的薄弱部位,在地震作用下会率先破坏和破坏严重,降低了该楼层和整个房屋的抗震能力。

风镐施工易致楼板开裂

市住建委相关负责人说,有业主认为拆改卫生间、增设地暖等都不会对房屋结构有影响。其实,在对卫生间的拆改中往往会破坏原有的防水层,再加上新做的防水层施工操作不符合技术规范要求,而导致出现渗漏现象,对楼下住户造成了不利的影响。

“还有市民在自家装修,拆除楼面找平层和焦渣层施工过程中,使用风镐进行拆除。这种施工工艺的缺陷会使混凝土楼板因过大的震动而开裂。更有甚者还出现了把钢筋混凝土楼板凿出洞口的现象,对楼板结构安全性造成了很大的伤害。”这位负责人说。

北京晨报记者 王萍

原标题:北京住建委:随意拆阳台垛子风镐施工也会被拉黑

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