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失护老人纳入监护 完善家庭、社会、国家监护体系

2017-04-23 19:10:54   新华社

新华社北京4月23日电(记者白阳)几年前,为了救患上尿毒症的独子,河南郑州的贾女士和老伴背了十几万元的债务,儿子还是在准备换肾手术的前4天离开了。

“我现在五六十岁还能自己照顾自己,等病了、老了,不能动了怎么办?找兄弟姐妹的孩子来照顾,一次两次还行,总不能一直那样,感觉自己像个累赘似的。”她说。

在河北保定,市民刘欣的八旬老父多年前因脑血栓失去了生活自理能力。之前他请了两个保姆照顾父亲,可由于护理不到位,父亲生了褥疮。无奈之下,他将父亲送进了政府办的养老机构。“原来担心别人说父母养你这么大,老了竟然被送进养老院不管了。现在才发现,父亲进了有专业护理的养老院后,精神面貌确实明显不一样了。”

根据国务院近日印发的《“十三五”国家老龄事业发展和养老体系建设规划》,预计到2020年,全国60岁以上老年人口将增加到2.55亿人。然而,面对近年来日益增加的高龄、失能、独居和空巢老人等群体,制定于30多年前的民法通则已不能完全覆盖。

将于今年10月1日施行的民法总则,将“无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力的成年人”纳入被监护人范围,这意味着像贾女士、刘老先生这样的失独、失能等群体将“老有所依”。

民法总则同时明确,没有依法具有监护资格的人的,监护人由民政部门担任,也可以由具备履行监护职责条件的被监护人住所地的居民委员会、村民委员会担任。

对此,专家指出,村居委会等组织目前在照顾失护老人方面起到了一定作用,但从未来着想,由政府主导的专业养老院应发挥更大力量,让民政部门承担相应监护职责符合我国国情。

中国民法学研究会副秘书长孟强表示,我国正处于社会转型时期,人员全国流动频繁,完全由家庭成员承担监护职责已经不能满足现实的需求。民法总则明晰了社会组织和政府部门在监护人的指定、监督、撤销方面的职责,以及直接担任监护人的情形和具体顺序,构建了家庭监护、社会监护、国家监护三位一体的现代监护体系。

“民法总则扩大监护范围、强化民政部门监护责任,对年老失能者等弱势群体特殊关爱,既体现了我国民事立法顺应时代发展的需求,在制度设计上以人为本,还体现了政府敢于担当、切实为人民服务的法治理念,这种进步值得肯定。”孟强说。

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