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“超级月亮”抬头可见 在家中面向东南方

2016-11-13 10:31:49   科技日报

11月14日要到了,天文迷们有点开心。因为这一天会迎来21世纪至今,最接近地球的满月,大家抬头就可以见到“超级月亮”啦。

国家天文台研究员平劲松在接受科技日报记者采访时表示,这次的“超级月亮”是1948年以来,月球最接近地球的一次,月亮看起来会比平时大14%—15%,亮度强20%—30%。

根据美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的测算,若是错过了这次机会,人们恐怕要等到2034年11月25日,才能看到月球再次离地球这么近。

平劲松告诉科技日报记者,“超级月亮”是一种较为常见的天文现象,在天文上的准确称谓为近点朔望月。它是指新月或满月时期,月球与地球间距离较平常更近,肉眼能看到的最大最圆的月亮。

月球绕地球转动的轨道呈非标准椭圆状,因此月球和地球之间的距离并不恒定。月球与地球之间的平均距离约38.4万公里,最近35万多公里,最远40万公里左右,相差5万公里的月地距离变化让月亮看上去有了大小的区别。

天文专家解释说,因为月亮围绕地球公转的过程中总是会有“近地点”和“远地点”,当月球处于“近地点”时就有可能发生“超级月亮”,所以这一现象其实是比较常有的。但值得一提的是,11月14日的“超级月亮”运行到近地点后2小时内就会变成满月,因此看起来会比普通的“超级月亮”更大、更亮。

根据测算,本次满月将出现在格林尼治标准时间11月14日13时52分,也就是北京时间21时52分。最佳观测时机是月亮刚升起或快落下时,尤其当月亮从地平线升起的时候,有地球上的房屋树木作为对比,更能看出“超级月亮”的“超级”之处。

平劲松说,赏月不同于流星雨的观看,无需专门前往山区或是高地,在自己家中面向东南方向就能欣赏到“超级月亮”的风采了。

说起来,“超级月亮”是1965年才有的一个新词,有意思的是它并不是天文学家所创,而是由占星师作家理查德·诺尔创造的。以此定义新月或满月时期,月球与地球间距离较平常为近的天象。理查德·诺尔还表示在出现“超级月亮”现象的前后3天里,地球更容易发生地质灾害。坊间曾有传言说“超级月亮”会导致地球发生灾难性的变化,例如地震、火山爆发以及海啸,就是源自于此。

“但实际上‘超级月亮’既不神秘,也不奇怪,系正常天象,大多数年头都会有,有时甚至不止一次,它不会对人类的生产和生活产生影响。”平劲松强调。

2011年3月19日发生“超级月亮”时,因适逢日本大地震,不少民众都怀疑是不是“超级月亮”会引发地球某些神秘的变化。然而这一说法已经被天文学界否认。平劲松说,“超级月亮”的确会带来一些影响,那是因为月地距离变迁带来的引潮力变化——“超级月亮”发生时月亮的引潮吸力会比平时更大。所以平劲松也提醒海边的朋友们,14日当天可能会有天文大潮。

2011年“超级月亮”发生时,在英国的索伦特海峡航道中就曾有五艘船只搁浅,海岸警卫队认定这些船是受到了月球的影响才冲上沙洲的,它们不得不等到满潮才得以继续航行。

原标题:“超级月亮”来了,你想知道的都在这里

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