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女孩睡觉胶布封嘴 用嘴巴呼吸会变龅牙?

2018-05-27 22:46:10   东方网

近日朋友圈流传一条微信:因为女儿睡觉总是张着嘴,也就是用嘴巴呼吸,带去看医生之后,医生建议以后睡觉要用胶布把嘴巴贴上,否则以后会影响到脸部和牙齿,出现龅牙现象。用嘴巴呼吸有什么危害吗?我们一起来了解下!

用嘴巴呼吸的小朋友多不多?

医生说10个里面可能有两三个

亲妈用胶布把女儿的嘴贴起来,听着有点不寻常。没想到,这条微信却引起了安安妈朋友圈里一众家长的共鸣。有的说:“我们也张口呼吸的。”有的说:“鼻子不通气的话憋死了。”有的说:“我儿子已经贴了好几个月了。”有的问:“我儿子也这状况,怎么办?”有的诉苦:“我们也是张嘴呼吸,戴了个硅胶牙套,每天早上起床都要在被窝里找半天……”

有这么多的小朋友爱用嘴巴呼吸?记者咨询了专业医生,医生非常肯定地说,用口呼吸的孩子非常多,从他临床来看,10个里面可能就会有两三个。

“这不是一个无关痛痒的问题,是会影响孩子一生的问题,每个家长都需要重视孩子的口呼吸,及时矫正。”

口呼吸有什么危害?

为什么要矫正口呼吸?

所谓口呼吸,就是孩子24小时张着嘴,用嘴巴和鼻子一起呼吸,晚上睡觉时也不闭合。

小朋友们处于生长发育期,面部骨骼牙齿都没有定型。长期张口,会导致牙颌形态改变,有的会开唇露齿,以后笑起来会露出牙龈肉;有的会导致门牙前突,有的会导致牙弓狭窄。

长期张着嘴,对面部发育也会有影响,孩子的脸会越长越长。

安安妈说,她觉得女儿换牙后有龅牙的趋势,可能是因为牙齿前突导致嘴巴合不拢。不过阮主任觉得,也有可能是因为长期口呼吸,孩子才会变龅牙。

小时候不矫正口呼吸的习惯,长大后依然会持续存在。

孩子为什么会口呼吸?

引起口呼吸的原因有很多,一种是因为扁桃体腺样体肥大,鼻-咽呼吸通路阻力增加,因此孩子不自觉地就会张开嘴巴辅助呼吸。

还有一种是鼻炎的影响,鼻炎导致鼻黏膜充血,使呼吸不畅,孩子也会不由自主用嘴呼吸辅助。每年春天,是小朋友过敏性鼻炎的高发季,所以这个季节小朋友口呼吸的也特别多。

家长们先带孩子到耳鼻咽喉科排除以上两种情况,如果都不是,那么很可能是单纯性的口呼吸,请到口腔科就诊。

单纯性口呼吸原因复杂,有的是由于小朋友的口轮匝肌(也就是嘴唇周围一圈的肌肉)先天力量较弱引起的,我们闭上嘴,是需要这一圈肌肉发力的;也有的可能是鼻咽部长时间疾病引起继发性的张口呼吸,尽管原发性疾病已经痊愈,但口呼吸的习惯仍然保留了下来。

什么时候开始矫正比较好?

医生表示很小的宝宝可能就有口呼吸的表现,家长从孩子2-3岁时就可以开始注意了。

如果孩子晚上睡觉嘴巴张开,持续1-2周如此,那就要到医院去确诊一下了。

口呼吸的矫正越早开始,对牙颌形态、面部发育的影响越小。年纪小时,及时阻断孩子的口呼吸,孩子面型、嘴型还可以自行恢复;等到12岁换牙完全结束后再矫正,已经形成的面部改变就比较难纠正了。

医生曾经接诊过一位8岁多的女孩,张口呼吸已经有一年多了,父母才带她去医院检查。

检查结果是,女孩腺样体肥大、扁桃体2度肿大,鼻腔呼吸不畅,因此引起口呼吸。耳鼻喉科的医生为她做了腺样体摘除术。

手术后女孩可以正常用鼻腔呼吸了,可因为她张口呼吸的时间太长,所以已养成日常张着嘴的习惯,即使已经完全能用鼻腔呼吸了,她也还是张着嘴。而且她的牙颌形态发育已经受到影响,整个牙床都变得比普通孩子要窄。

后来通过矫治器给她治疗,戴了6-8个月,孩子口呼吸的习惯才慢慢改过来。

“所以,一发现孩子有口呼吸的现象,一定要尽早去医院查明原因,尽早矫正。”

矫正口呼吸,家长该做些什么?

矫正孩子们单纯性的口呼吸,要做口腔闭合功能训练(或者叫唇肌功能训练),提高口轮匝肌的张力。家长们可以试试以下方法:

一、让孩子学一样吹奏类的乐器,如笛子、口琴、葫芦丝、黑管、萨克斯等。

二、放一根牙签或薄的塑料片在孩子上下唇之间,要求孩子不让它掉下来。这个练习随时随地可以做一做,孩子能坚持的时间越长,口呼吸的改善效果越明显。

三、咂唇。就是把上下唇压紧再拉开,要能发出“啪、啪、啪、啪”的声音,一次连续做一分钟左右。这个动作看孩子习不习惯做,如果孩子不喜欢也可以不用。

四、晚上睡觉的时候可以用胶布把孩子的上下唇贴到一起。

如果以上这些措施全不奏效,那么医生也可以给孩子戴矫治器矫正,矫治器类似牙套,一般在晚上戴。

有鼻炎的孩子不能用胶布贴嘴巴

一定有读者朋友想问:安安妈给女儿嘴上贴的“胶布”,是什么东西?我特意问了一下,是一种日本进口的“阻鼾贴”,呈透明的“X”形状。不过,阮文华主任说,其实贴嘴上的胶布也不用那么讲究,用普通的创可贴封上,效果也是一样的,只要让孩子的嘴唇闭牢就行。

“不过要注意的是,嘴巴上贴胶布,仅适用于单纯性口呼吸的孩子;如果是扁桃体腺样体肥大或鼻炎引起的,家长千万不能给孩子贴嘴巴,不然气都喘不过来了。”

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