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中国花大钱买留学生?这篇10万 是这样编造出来的

2018-05-26 17:04:44   环球时报

原标题:中国拥有亚洲最吸引人的学校,有媒体发动攻击,摸黑文章10万+

教育部拨款:小学4.1亿,高中12.2亿,给亚非留学生33.2亿”,最近一则公众号文章在朋友圈疯传,称教育部给1.8亿中国学生的钱,竟然只有外国留学生的一半儿,是花大价钱买留学生。这篇文章很快收获10万+点击,还有不少朋友来求证:这是真的吗?

数据是真实的,来自于教育部公布的2018年部门预算,用于小学教育的预算数为41661.72万元,高中122569.77万元,留学生教育预算数为332000万元。可这是对数据的误读,把教育部部门预算,故意混淆为中央预算与全国教育经费预算加以炒作。教育部的小学教育、高中教育经费预算,是针对下属机构包括直属高校附属小学、附属高中的拨款,不是针对全国所有小学、高中的拨款。

文章提到我国义务教育小学、初中生共1.42亿人(小学在校生近1亿),教育部给小学教育拨款只有4.1亿,算下来每个学生4元钱,这怎么可能呢?根据2018年中央一般公共预算支出预算表,教育支出预算为1711.22亿元,这属于中央财政的支出。根据2016年全国教育经费执行情况统计公告,全国教育经费当年总投入为38888.39亿元。

由于我国开展留学生教育的高校,大多为教育部直属高校,2017年来华留学生规模达到48.92万,这些学生大部分在教育部直属高校。因此,部门预算中来华留学教育经费达到33亿,是很正常的。而获得政府奖学金的留学生,按2017年统计数据,只有11.97%,不是自媒体所渲染的个个都拿高额奖学金留学。

客观而言,我国已经成为亚洲最大的留学生输入国,但是留学生的质量还需进一步提高。对此,我国教育部门和高校是比较清醒的。近年来在统计来华留学生数据时,十分详细地统计了攻读学位留学生比例,也分析来华留学生的区域,而不是为留学生总规模而盲目兴奋。可以说,如何提高我国高等教育的国际竞争力,以和我国影响力提升同步,并为国家影响力提升做出贡献,这是我国教育迫切需要思考的问题。国家深化教育体制机制改革,启动“双一流”建设,入围“双一流”建设的学校努力提高人才培养质量,就是求解这一问题。

教育部和直属高校公布部门预算,这是信息公开的要求,也有利于公众监督。但公众要履行监督权,需要提高专业素养和媒介素养。如果连预算表都看不懂,就会给一些炒作、制造假新闻者提供机会,反而不利于监督。

(作者是21世纪教育研究院副院长)

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